Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34610291›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

High-affinity memory B cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection produce more plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells than those primed by mRNA vaccines.

Kathryn A Pape, Thamotharampillai Dileepan, Amanda J Kabage, Daria Kozysa, Rodolfo Batres, Clayton Evert, Michael Matson, Sharon Lopez, Peter D Krueger, Carolyn Graiziger and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  10. The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Polarization of the memory B-cell response.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Mechanistic models of humoral kinetics following COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
    Article
  20. Review

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kathryn A PapeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Thamotharampillai DileepanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Amanda J KabageDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Daria KozysaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Rodolfo BatresDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Clayton EvertDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Michael MatsonDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Sharon LopezDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Peter D KruegerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Carolyn GraizigerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Byron P VaughnDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Eugenia ShmidtDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Joshua RheinDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Timothy W SchackerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Alexander KhorutsCenter for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Marc K JenkinsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: jenki002@umn.edu.
University of Minnesota Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although both infections and vaccines induce memory B cell (MBC) populations that participate in secondary immune responses, the MBCs generated in each case can differ. Here, we compare SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (S1-RBD)-specific primary MBCs that form in response to infection or a single mRNA vaccination. Both primary MBC populations have similar frequencies in the blood and respond to a second S1-RBD exposure by rapidly producing plasmablasts with an abundant immunoglobulin (Ig)A

Indexed as

AdultAnimalsAntibodies, ViralB-LymphocytesB-Lymphocyte SubsetsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross ReactionsFemaleHEK293 CellsHumansImmunizationImmunologic MemoryMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesRNA, MessengerSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Vaccinesatypical memory B cellmemory B cellmRNA vaccineplasmablastSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34610291
PMCPMC8463313
OpenAlexW3204612920

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.