ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Discrimination and Calibration of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 for Predicting Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in North America.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Uncovering the impact of co-infections on disease severity and mortality in pulmonary cryptococcosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Chronological versus physiological age for 10-year survival estimation: a real-world healthsystem-wide cohort analysis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- A combined eGFR-CD4 index and mortality risk among people with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Calibration and discrimination ability of the Dat'AIDS score in people living with HIV aged 70 years and older from the Dat'AIDS cohort.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Depression Improves the Predictive Accuracy of the VACS Index 2.0 for All-Cause Mortality Among Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- The Validation of Mortality Risk Indexes for Predicting Long-Term Outcomes in People Living with HIV in a Spanish Cohort (eVIHa).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal Dysmotility, Autonomic Function, and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Among People With Well-Controlled HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Autonomic neuropathy is associated with an increase in type-1 cytokines in people living with HIV.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Comparison of 2 electronic health record data extraction methods for laboratory tests used in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Brief Report: Preadmission VACS Index as a Predictor of Hospital Acute Kidney Injury in People With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Observational
- Autonomic Neuropathy Is Associated with An Increase in Type-1 Cytokines in People Living With HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a mortality risk prediction index score for adults living with HIV and multiple chronic comorbidities.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Predictive survival modelings for HIV-related cryptococcosis: comparing machine learning approaches.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Alcohol Use and Its Associations With Frailty, Fractures, and Falls Among Older Adults With HIV.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Review
- Optimizing cardiometabolic risk in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A deep dive into an important risk enhancer.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Review
- "Call 911 - That's my [Advance Care] Plan": Factors that Inform Advance Care Planning Conversation Readiness Among Aging Persons Living With HIV.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2024Article
- Discrimination of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 for Predicting Cause-specific Mortality Among Persons With HIV in Europe and North America.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Association of Prescribed Opioids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.The journal of pain · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe updated Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index 2.0 combines general and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific biomarkers to generate a continuous score that accurately discriminates risk of mortality in diverse cohorts of persons with HIV (PWH), but a score alone is difficult to interpret. Using data from the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration (NA-ACCORD), we translate VACS Index 2.0 scores into validated probability estimates of mortality.
methodsBecause complete mortality ascertainment is essential for accurate calibration, we restricted analyses to cohorts with mortality from the National Death Index or equivalent sources. VACS Index 2.0 components were ascertained from October 1999 to April 2018. Mortality was observed up to March 2019. Calibration curves compared predicted (estimated by fitting a gamma model to the score) to observed mortality overall and within subgroups: cohort (VACS/NA-ACCORD subset), sex, age <50 or ≥50 years, race/ethnicity, HIV-1 RNA ≤500 or >500 copies/mL, CD4 count <350 or ≥350 cells/µL, and years 1999-2009 or 2010-2018. Because mortality rates have decreased over time, the final model was limited to 2010-2018.
resultsAmong 37230 PWH in VACS and 8061 PWH in the NA-ACCORD subset, median age was 53 and 44 years; 3% and 19% were women; and 48% and 39% were black. Discrimination in NA-ACCORD (C-statistic = 0.842 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .830-.854]) was better than in VACS (C-statistic = 0.813 [95% CI, .809-.817]). Predicted and observed mortality largely overlapped in VACS and the NA-ACCORD subset, overall and within subgroups.
conclusionsBased on this validation, VACS Index 2.0 can reliably estimate probability of all-cause mortality, at various follow-up times, among PWH in North America.
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