ReviewPharmacology research & perspectives2021
Strategies to apply 3Rs in preclinical testing.
Review in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Replacing serum with dried blood microsampling for pharmacokinetics, viral neutralisation and immunogenicity bioanalysis supporting future paediatric development of RSM01, a candidate respiratory syncytial virus neutralising monoclonal antibody.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- A Reproducible MRI-Based Pipeline for Longitudinal Tracking of Laser-Assisted Bioprinted Cells in Three-Dimensional Constructs.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Piperazine-Thiourea Hybrids as Novel Antiplatelet Agents Targeting COX-1: Synthesis,ACS omega · 2026Article
- Current Overview and Main Challenges of the Use of Galleria mellonella in Biomedical Research.Current protocols · 2026Review
- Multidimensional lung imaging: integrated preclinical platforms enabling the identification of translational biomarkers for pulmonary research.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Antitumor Evaluation of Rhenium-188 and Paclitaxel Co-Delivered via Thermosensitive Hydrogel in a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Animal Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial peptides in the era of resistance: integrating AI-driven design, host-microbe interactions, and nanotechnological delivery.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Thiourea Derivatives of Naproxen With Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activity.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Methodological development of a pneumatic artificial muscle-driven left ventricular simulator using interpretive structural modeling.PloS one · 2026Article
- Development of Primary Colon and Duodenal Tumor Cultures from the Apc-mutant Pirc Rat for Screening Preventive Agents.Journal of cancer prevention · 2025Article
- Cancer-on-a-chip for precision cancer medicine.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- Proximal femoral fixation method and axial load affect simulated muscle forces in an ex vivo feline limb press.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Article
- Morphometric-Assisted Prediction of Developmental Toxicity Using Stem Cell-Based Embryo Models in Microwells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Targeted animal models for preclinical assessment of cellular and gene therapies in pancreatic and liver diseases: regulatory and practical insights.Cytotherapy · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Drug Permeation Enhancement by Using In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- European Research Council-funded grant: development of a novel cardiac tissue model.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Development of a novel and viable knock-in factor V deficiency murine model: Utility for an ultra-rare disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- Animal Models of Human Disease 2.0.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Research trends of computational toxicology: a bibliometric analysis.Toxicology research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animal experimentation has been fundamental in biological and biomedical research. To guarantee the maximum quality, efficacy and/or safety of products intended for the use in humans in vivo testing is necessary; however, for over 60 years, alternative methods have been developed in response to the necessity to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation, to guarantee their welfare; resorting to animal models only when strictly necessary. The three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), seek to ensure the rational and respectful use of laboratory animals and maintain an adequate projection in terms of bioethical considerations. This article describes different approaches to apply 3Rs in preclinical experimentation for either research or regulatory purposes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.