ArticleeLife2021
HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of The Interaction Between HIV Infection And COVID-19: Two Years' Evidence Summary.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics reveals inflammatory activation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage irrespective of HIV status.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Ordinary differential equation models of SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics and antiviral drug efficacies.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Host proteins associated with strong neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a South African cohort.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Evolution and viral properties of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2 subvariant.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Evaluating Fc-mediated antibody functions against SARS-CoV-2 in PLHIV: reduced FcγRIIIa-dependent activity and ADCC despite preserved neutralising antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Intra-host SARS-CoV-2 diversity in immunocompromised people living with HIV provides insight into the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Characterisation of a persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection lasting more than 750 days in a person living with HIV: a genomic analysis.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Article
- The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 within-host persistence.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic in a clinic-based cohort of people with and without HIV in four African countries.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of booster vaccination and fractional dosing with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 in Ad26.COV2.S-vaccinated participants.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppression evolves sub-lineages which independently accumulate neutralization escape mutations.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Evolution and neutralization escape of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 subvariant.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Effect of host factors and COVID-19 infection on the humoral immune repertoire in treated HIV.JCI insight · 2023 · on this mapArticle
- Article
- Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia and Compromised Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Beta Variant.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here, we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (Beta dominated) infection waves. The second wave had more PLWH requiring supplemental oxygen relative to HIV-negative participants. Higher disease severity was associated with low CD4 T cell counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Yet, CD4 counts recovered and NLR stabilized after SARS-CoV-2 clearance in wave 2 infected PLWH, arguing for an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection leading to low CD4 and high NLR. The first infection wave, where severity in HIV negative and PLWH was similar, still showed some HIV modulation of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. Therefore, HIV infection can synergize with the SARS-CoV-2 variant to change COVID-19 outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.