Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34608335›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2021

Precisely timed theta oscillations are selectively required during the encoding phase of memory.

Clare R Quirk, Ipshita Zutshi, Sunandha Srikanth, Maylin L Fu, Naomie Devico Marciano, Morgan K Wright, Darian F Parsey, Stanley Liu, Rachel E Siretskiy, Tiffany L Huynh and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  10. Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Perineuronal Nets on CA2 Pyramidal Cells and Parvalbumin-Expressing Cells Differentially Regulate Hippocampal-Dependent Memory.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Clare R Quirk *Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ipshita Zutshi *Neurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-0816
Sunandha SrikanthNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Maylin L FuNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Naomie Devico MarcianoNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Morgan K WrightNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6490-9932
Darian F ParseyNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Stanley LiuNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Rachel E SiretskiyNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Tiffany L HuynhNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jill K LeutgebNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2014-842X
Stefan LeutgebNeurobiology Section and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. sleutgeb@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-6536

Funding

GENETIC MECHANISMS AND REGULATIONT32GM007240 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI HAMPTON, RANDOLPH Y. · 1985 to 2019
$23.8M
Memory processing after neuron loss in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampusR01NS086947 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LEUTGEB, STEFAN · 2014 to 2024
$3.9M
Dependence of memory on precisely coordinated oscillationsR01NS102915 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Stefan Leutgeb · 2017 to 2026
$3.1M
Mechanisms of abeta induced dysfunction in hippocampal neuronal circuitryR01NS084324 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KOO, EDWARD H., LEUTGEB, STEFAN · 2014 to 2018
$2.7M
Connectivity and function of microcircuits in the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortexR01NS097772 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LEUTGEB, STEFAN, LIM, BYUNGKOOK · 2017 to 2021
$2.0M
Hippocampal network mechanisms for memory-guided behaviorR01MH119179 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LEUTGEB, JILL K · 2019 to 2023
$1.8M
Temporally precise control of theta oscillationsR21MH100354 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LEUTGEB, STEFAN · 2013 to 2014
$404k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007240NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119179NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH100354NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS084324NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS086947NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS097772NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS102915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain oscillations have been hypothesized to support cognitive function by coordinating spike timing within and across brain regions, yet it is often not known when timing is either critical for neural computations or an epiphenomenon. The entorhinal cortex and hippocampus are necessary for learning and memory and exhibit prominent theta oscillations (6-9 Hz), which are controlled by pacemaker cells in the medial septal area. Here we show that entorhinal and hippocampal neuronal activity patterns were strongly entrained by rhythmic optical stimulation of parvalbumin-positive medial septal area neurons in mice. Despite strong entrainment, memory impairments in a spatial working memory task were not observed with pacing frequencies at or below the endogenous theta frequency and only emerged at frequencies ≥10 Hz, and specifically when pacing was targeted to maze segments where encoding occurs. Neural computations during the encoding phase were therefore selectively disrupted by perturbations of the timing of neuronal firing patterns.

Indexed as

AnimalsEntorhinal CortexHippocampusMaleMemoryMiceMice, 129 StrainMice, TransgenicOptogeneticsSpatial BehaviorTheta RhythmTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID34608335
PMCPMC8556344

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.