ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2022
The interplay of immunology and cachexia in infection and cancer.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07237464 (A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of GB18 Following Single Subcutaneous Injection in Healthy Adult Participants), which is not on this map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of GB18 Following Single Subcutaneous Injection in Healthy Adult Participants
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Herbal Medicines for the Improvement of Immune Function in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Integrative cancer therapiesPooled it
- Fruquintinib plus sintilimab in previously bevacizumab-treated, pMMR/MSS refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 clinical trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Systemic health impact of cancer-associated extracellular vesicles and particles.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Energy constraint on human health.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection and its influence on semen analysis in rats: controlled experimental animal study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cancer Cachexia Research and Drug Development: Lessons from Failures and the Promise of Immunomodulation.Cancers · 2026Review
- Low Muscle Density Is Associated with Morbidity and Systemic Inflammation in Colorectal Cancer, Independent of Tumor Factors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Early Identification and Prognostic Stratification of Cancer Cachexia Using Explainable Machine Learning: A Multicentre Cohort Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Observational
- Otopetrin 1 protects against adipose tissue wasting during cancer cachexia progression.iScience · 2026Article
- Brain endothelial cells orchestrate a neuroprotective antiviral state in the CNS in response to peripheral viral pattern sensing.Immunity · 2026Article
- IGF-1 axis: The signalling bond in cancer-associated thrombosis and cachexia?Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Review
- Subcutaneous adipose tissue outperforms muscle strength as an indicator of survival and quality of life in patients with cancer: a multicenter cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Article
- Cancer cachexia: A tumor-driven disorder of whole-body homeostasis.Cancer cell · 2026Review
- The Role of Nutritional and Inflammatory Indices in Predicting Prognosis in Older Adults Undergoing Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer: NIRT-LC Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Pathways, and New Therapeutic and Nutritional Strategies for Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Cachexia.Cancers · 2026Review
- Hormonal rewiring of immunity during dietary restriction ensures host defense and systemic glucose conservation.Immunity · 2026Article
- Evaluation of skeletal muscle indicators following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: verification of skeletal muscle mass adjustment.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Preoperative prognostic nutritional index in prediction of surgical complications and oncological outcomes in retroperitoneal sarcoma.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Dietary methionine mitigates immune-mediated damage by enhancing renal clearance of cytokines.Cell metabolism · 2026Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diverse inflammatory diseases, infections and malignancies are associated with wasting syndromes. In many of these conditions, the standards for diagnosis and treatment are lacking due to our limited understanding of the causative molecular mechanisms. Here, we discuss the complex immunological context of cachexia, a systemic catabolic syndrome that depletes both fat and muscle mass with profound consequences for patient prognosis. We highlight the main cytokine and immune cell-driven pathways that have been linked to weight loss and tissue wasting in the context of cancer-associated and infection-associated cachexia. Moreover, we discuss the potential immunometabolic consequences of cachexia on the basis of newly identified pathways and explore the multilayered area of immunometabolic crosstalk both upstream and downstream of tissue catabolism. Collectively, this Review highlights the intricate relationship of the immune system with cachexia in the context of malignant and infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.