ArticleScientific reports2021
Increased serum catalytic iron may mediate tissue injury and death in patients with COVID-19.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Associations of Iron Related Biomarkers with Risk, Clinical Severity and Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Hepcidin-Mediated Iron Dysmetabolism and COVID-19 Severity: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating trace elements status in COVID-19 disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- TIPE2 suppresses ferroptosis and pro-inflammatory polarization in macrophages triggered by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Haematological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Erythropoiesis, Hepcidin Regulation, and Cytokine Storm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of Ferroptosis in the Progression of COVID-19 and the Development of Long COVID.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Iron Metabolism in the Recovery Phase of Critical Illness with a Focus on Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of Hypoxia and Inflammation on Hepcidin Concentration in Non-Anaemic COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Iron as an emerging therapeutic target in critically ill patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Review
- Iron and iron-related proteins in COVID-19.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Deferoxamine in the management of COVID-19 adult patients admitted to ICU: a prospective observational cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Cardiac magnetic resonance T2* mapping in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with serum ferritin level?The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Hepcidin and ferritin levels as markers of immune cell activation during septic shock, severe COVID-19 and sterile inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Establishment of the large-scale longitudinal multi-omics dataset in COVID-19 patients: data profile and biospecimen.BMB reports · 2022Article
- Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications.The Biochemical journal · 2022Review
- COVID-19, Cation Dysmetabolism, Sialic Acid, CD147, ACE2, Viroporins, Hepcidin and Ferroptosis: A Possible Unifying Hypothesis.F1000Research · 2022Review
- Attenuated initial serum ferritin concentration in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 geriatric patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Evaluation of perturbed iron-homeostasis in a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19.Wellcome open research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathophysiology and the factors determining disease severity in COVID-19 are not yet clear, with current data indicating a possible role of altered iron metabolism. Previous studies of iron parameters in COVID-19 are cross-sectional and have not studied catalytic iron, the biologically most active form of iron. The study was done to determine the role of catalytic iron in the adverse outcomes in COVID-19. We enrolled adult patients hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 and measured serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, hepcidin and serum catalytic iron daily. Primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and kidney replacement therapy. Associations between longitudinal iron parameter measurements and time-to-event outcomes were examined using a joint model. We enrolled 120 patients (70 males) with median age 50 years. The primary composite outcome was observed in 25 (20.8%) patients-mechanical ventilation was needed in 21 (17.5%) patients and in-hospital mortality occurred in 21 (17.5%) patients. Baseline levels of ferritin and hepcidin were significantly associated with the primary composite outcome. The joint model analysis showed that ferritin levels were significantly associated with primary composite outcome [HR (95% CI) = 2.63 (1.62, 4.24) after adjusting for age and gender]. Both ferritin and serum catalytic iron levels were positively associated with in-hospital mortality [HR (95% CI) = 3.22 (2.05, 5.07) and 1.73 (1.21, 2.47), respectively], after adjusting for age and gender. The study shows an association of ferritin and catalytic iron with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. This suggests new pathophysiologic pathways in this disease, also raising the possibility of considering iron chelation therapy.
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