ArticleCancer immunology research2021
γδ T Cells Support Antigen-Specific αβ T cell-Mediated Antitumor Responses during BCG Treatment for Bladder Cancer.
Article in Cancer immunology research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- γδ T cells and cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Unconventional T cells in urological cancers: catch them if you can.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Paradoxical Tumor-Suppressive Role of CCL2/CCR2 in Bladder Cancer: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy.Cancers · 2026Article
- State of the art of adjuvant immunotherapy in urothelial cancer: New developments and upcoming changes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Anti-PD-L2 immunotherapy is efficacious against melanoma in aged hosts through IL-17 and IFNγ signalling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A Double-Humanized Murine Model in Bladder Cancer: A Novel Preclinical Model for Cancer Immunology Research.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: A Precision Medicine Approach.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms during the Treatment for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Current urology reports · 2025Review
- Perfusion drugs for non‑muscle invasive bladder cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
- Intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Considerations and Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy in the Aging Host.Cancer immunology research · 2023Review
- Review
- Article
- The function of Foxp1 represses β-adrenergic receptor transcription in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer through STAT3 activity.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2023Article
- Selective delipidation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG retains antitumor efficacy against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Vδ2 T cells are associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with bladder cancer and their tumor reactivity can be boosted by BCG and zoledronate treatments.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- BCG in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2022Review
- CD122-targeted interleukin-2 and αPD-L1 treat bladder cancer and melanoma via distinct mechanisms, including CD122-driven natural killer cell maturation.Oncoimmunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most effective intravesical agent at reducing recurrence for patients with high-grade, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nevertheless, response to BCG is variable and strategies to boost BCG efficacy have not materialized. Prior work demonstrated a requirement for either conventional αβ or nonconventional γδ T cells in mediating BCG treatment efficacy, yet the importance of T-cell antigen specificity for BCG's treatment effect is unclear. Here, we provide direct evidence to show that BCG increases the number of tumor antigen-specific αβ T cells in patients with bladder cancer and protects mice from subsequent same-tumor challenge, supporting BCG induction of tumor-specific memory and protection. Adoptive T-cell transfers of antigen-specific αβ T cells into immunodeficient mice challenged with syngeneic MB49 bladder tumors showed that both tumor and BCG antigen-specific αβ T cells contributed to BCG efficacy. BCG-specific antitumor immunity, however, also required nonconventional γδ T cells. Prior work shows that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin induces the proliferation and effector function of γδ T cells. Here, rapamycin increased BCG efficacy against both mouse and human bladder cancer
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.