ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2021
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors With Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of stroke associated with proton pump inhibitor use among individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with proton pump inhibitor use after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- GP perspectives on a computer-assisted strategy to support PPI deprescribing: a qualitative study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of a computer based discontinuation strategy to reduce PPI prescriptions: a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Chronic proton pump inhibitor exposure aggravates intestinal injury by impairing intestinal stem cell self-renewal through the microbiota-7-ketolithocholic acid Axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Drug-Drug Interactions in Geriatrics Cardiac Patients Visiting to Tertiary Care Central Hospital of Nepal.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2025Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Older Adult Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Clinical Risks and Best Practices.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Observational
- Effect of proton pump inhibitor (lansoprazole) on adverse drug reactions and rational drug use in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Review
- Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: a critical review.Future cardiology · 2024Review
- Prevalence of polypharmacy in heart failure patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Association between Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Previous Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Modification of Cardiovascular Drugs in Advanced Heart Failure: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Multidisciplinary Consensus for Rationalizing the Use of Acid Suppressants in Children and Adults: CONFOR.Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine associations of cumulative exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with total cardiovascular disease (CVD; composed of stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure [HF]) and HF alone in a cohort study of White and African American participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
methodsUse of PPIs was assessed by pill bottle inspection at visit 1 (January 1, 1987 to 1989) and up to 10 additional times before baseline (visit 5; 2011 to 2013). We calculated cumulative exposure to PPIs as days of use from visit 1 to baseline. Participants (n=4346 free of total CVD at visit 5; mean age, 75 years) were observed for incident total CVD and HF events through December 31, 2016. We used Cox regression to measure associations of PPIs with total CVD and HF.
resultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding variables, participants with a cumulative exposure to PPIs of more than 5.1 years had a 2.02-fold higher risk of total CVD (95% CI, 1.50 to 2.72) and a 2.21-fold higher risk of HF (95% CI, 1.51 to 3.23) than nonusers.
conclusionLong-term PPI use was associated with twice the risk of total CVD and HF compared with nonusers. Our findings are in concordance with other research and suggest another reason to be cautious of PPI overuse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.