Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34607500›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic epidemiology2022

Smartphone-based Anterior Segment Imaging: A Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Study of a Potential Tool for Blindness Prevalence Surveys.

Ashish Kumar, Ferhina S Ali, Valerie M Stevens, Jason S Melo, N Venkatesh Prajna, Prajna Lalitha, Muthiah Srinivasan, Gopal Bhandari, Sadhan Bhandari, Robi N Maamari and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmic epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Telemedicine for screening eye disease in the remote Peruvian Amazon: proof-of-concept.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2022
    Article
  6. Evaluation of corneal infections using a smartphone macro lens for synchronous telemedicine.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Ashish KumarDepartment of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.
Ferhina S AliDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Valerie M StevensFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jason S MeloFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
N Venkatesh PrajnaDepartment of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.
Prajna LalithaDepartment of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.
Muthiah SrinivasanDepartment of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.
Gopal BhandariBharatpur Eye Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal.
Sadhan BhandariBharatpur Eye Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal.
Robi N MaamariFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Daniel A FletcherDepartment of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Thomas M LietmanDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jeremy D KeenanDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7118-1457
University of California, San Francisco · USAravind Eye Hospital · INBiratnagar Eye Hospital · NPUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

Village Integrated Eye Workers TrialU10EY022880 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LIETMAN, THOMAS M · 2013 to 2017
$2.3M
NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022880
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo determine if smartphone photography could be a useful adjunct to blindness prevalence surveys by providing an accurate diagnosis of corneal opacity.

methodsA total of 174 patients with infectious keratitis who had undergone corneal culturing over the past 5 years were enrolled in a diagnostic accuracy study at an eye hospital in South India. Both eyes had an ophthalmologist-performed slit lamp examination, followed by anterior segment photography with a handheld digital single lens reflex (SLR) camera and a smartphone camera coupled to an external attachment that provided magnification and illumination. The diagnostic accuracy of photography was assessed relative to slit lamp examination.

resultsIn total, 90 of 174 enrolled participants had a corneal opacity in the cultured eye and no opacity in the contralateral eye, and did not have a penetrating keratoplasty or missing photographs. Relative to slit lamp examination, the sensitivity of corneal opacity diagnosis was 68% (95%CI 58-77%) using the smartphone's default settings and 59% (95%CI 49-69%) using the SLR, and the specificity was 97% (95%CI 93-100%) for the smartphone and 97% (95%CI 92-100%) for the SLR. The sensitivity of smartphone-based corneal opacity diagnosis was higher for larger scars (81% for opacities 2 mm in diameter or larger), more visually significant scars (100% for eyes with visual acuity worse than 20/400), and more recent scars (85% for eyes cultured in the past 12 months).

conclusionThe diagnostic performance of a smartphone coupled to an external attachment, while somewhat variable, demonstrated high specificity and high sensitivity for all but the smallest opacities.

Indexed as

Corneal OpacitySmartphoneBlindnessCicatrixHumansPrevalencecorneaCorneal ulcerdiagnostic techniquesophthalmologicalphotographysmartphonetelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID34607500
PMCPMC8977419
OpenAlexW3204330791

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.