Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34607021›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2021

Spatiotemporal trajectories in resting-state FMRI revealed by convolutional variational autoencoder.

Xiaodi Zhang, Eric A Maltbie, Shella D Keilholz

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Spatiotemporal Network Dynamics Reveal Alzheimer's Disease Progression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaodi ZhangThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building, 1760 Haygood Drive, SuiteW200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. Electronic address: xiaodi.zhang@gatech.edu.
Eric A MaltbieThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building, 1760 Haygood Drive, SuiteW200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. Electronic address: emaltbi@emory.edu.
Shella D KeilholzThe Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building, 1760 Haygood Drive, SuiteW200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. Electronic address: shella.keilholz@bme.gatech.edu.
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering · USGeorgia Institute of Technology · US

Funding

Contribution of Ultra Low Frequency LFPs to Functional MRIR01NS078095 · NINDS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI KEILHOLZ, SHELLA D · 2012 to 2022
$3.4M
Spatiotemporal signatures of neural activity and neurophysiology in the BOLD signalR01MH111416 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI KEILHOLZ, SHELLA D · 2016 to 2020
$1.9M
Crossing space and time: uncovering the nonlinear dynamics of multimodal and multiscale brain activityR01EB029857 · NIBIB · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI KEILHOLZ, SHELLA D, STANLEY, GARRETT B. · 2020 to 2021
$1.3M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB029857NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111416NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS078095
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent resting-state fMRI studies have shown that brain activity exhibits temporal variations in functional connectivity by using various approaches including sliding window correlation, co-activation patterns, independent component analysis, quasi-periodic patterns, and hidden Markov models. These methods often model the brain activity as a discretized hopping among several brain states that are defined by the spatial configurations of network activity. However, the discretized states are merely a simplification of what is likely to be a continuous process, where each network evolves over time following its unique path. To model these characteristic spatiotemporal trajectories, we trained a variational autoencoder using rs-fMRI data and evaluated the spatiotemporal features of the latent variables obtained from the trained networks. Our results suggest that there are a relatively small number of approximately orthogonal whole-brain spatiotemporal patterns that capture the most prominent features of rs-fMRI data, which can serve as the building blocks to construct all possible spatiotemporal dynamics in resting state fMRI. These spatiotemporal patterns provide insight into how activity flows across the brain in concordance with known network structures and functional connectivity gradients.

Indexed as

BrainBrain MappingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingDeep learningResting state fMRIResting state networksSpatiotemporal dynamicsVariational autoencoder

Identifiers

PMID34607021
PMCPMC8637345
OpenAlexW3203322852

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.