ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Efficacy of targeted indoor residual spraying with the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04343521 (Quantifying the Epidemiological Impact of Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying on Aedes-borne Diseases), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Quantifying the Epidemiological Impact of Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying on Aedes-borne Diseases
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insecticide susceptibility and knockdown resistance (Kdr) mutations (F1534C and V1016I) in Aedes aegypti populations from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- The Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test (I-ACT) for Evaluation of Indoor Residual Sprays: A Non-Inferiority Test of SylandoInsects · 2026Article
- Toxicity and Residual Effect of Toxic Baits on Adults ofInsects · 2026Article
- Modified cone bioassay methods for evaluating chlorfenapyr indoor residual spray.MalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Climate change and budget cuts: Facing theMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Building resilience against the growing threat of arboviruses: a scoping review of Aedes vector surveillance, control strategies and insecticide resistance in Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Genetic Drivers of Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides and Approaches to Its Control.Toxics · 2025Review
- Impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in Ugandan prisons: an interrupted time series analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Rational design and synthesis of new pyrrolone candidates as prospective insecticidal agents against Culex pipiens L. Larvae.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Sub-lethal exposure to chlorfenapyr reduces the probability of developing Plasmodium falciparum parasites in surviving Anopheles mosquitoes.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Chlorfenapyr metabolism by mosquito P450s associated with pyrethroid resistance identifies potential activation markers.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Insecticide resistance compromises the control of Aedes aegypti in Bangladesh.Pest management science · 2023Article
- Residual efficacy of the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin against pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti.Pest management science · 2023Article
- Influence of testing modality on bioefficacy for the evaluation of InterceptorParasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Understanding the current state-of-the-art of long-lasting insecticide nets and potential for sustainable alternatives.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is an increased need to mitigate the emergence of insecticide resistance and incorporate new formulations and modes of application to control the urban vector Aedes aegypti. Most research and development of insecticide formulations for the control of Ae. aegypti has focused on their peridomestic use as truck-mounted ULV-sprays or thermal fogs despite the widespread knowledge that most resting Ae. aegypti are found indoors. A recent modification of indoor residual spraying (IRS), termed targeted IRS (TIRS) works by restricting applications to 1.5 m down to the floor and on key Ae. aegypti resting sites (under furniture). TIRS also opens the possibility of evaluating novel residual insecticide formulations currently being developed for malaria IRS.
methodsWe evaluated the residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr, formulated as Sylando 240SC, for 12 months on free-flying field-derived pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti using a novel experimental house design in Merida, Mexico. On a monthly basis, 600 female Ae. aegypti were released into the houses and left indoors with access to sugar solution for 24 hours. After the exposure period, dead and alive mosquitoes were counted in houses treated with chlorfenapyr as well as untreated control houses to calculate 24-h mortality. An evaluation for these exposed cohorts of surviving mosquitoes was extended up to seven days under laboratory conditions to quantify "delayed mortality".
resultsMean acute (24-h) mortality of pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti ranged 80-97% over 5 months, dropping below 30% after 7 months post-TIRS. If delayed mortality was considered (quantifying mosquito mortality up to 7 days after exposure), residual efficacy was above 90% for up to 7 months post-TIRS application. Generalized Additive Mixed Models quantified a residual efficacy of chlorfenapyr of 225 days (ca. 7.5 months).
conclusionsChlorfenapyr represents a new option for TIRS control of Ae. aegypti in urban areas, providing a highly-effective time of protection against indoor Ae. aegypti females of up to 7 months.
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