ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2022
The societal cost of treatment-seeking patients with borderline personality disorder in Germany.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The economic burden of Borderline Personality Disorder: direct and indirect costs, and evidence from evaluations of interventions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Compared to Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2024Trial
- The Burden of Disease of Treatment-Seeking Patients With a Cluster-C Personality Disorder in the Netherlands; Quality of Life, Functioning, and Societal Costs.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- Treatment trajectories of patients with borderline personality disorder prescribed pharmacotherapy: real-world insights from a retrospective observational study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Unraveling dynamic factors in Dialectic Behavioural Treatment for Adolescents (DBT-A): A study protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- Possible drivers of self-harm severity - relative contributions of post-traumatic stress and levels of personality functioning - results from the Extreme Challenges project.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Predicting the outcome of psychological treatments for borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: a machine learning approach to predict long-term outcome of Narrative Exposure Therapy vs. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy based treatment.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Burden of Disease of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Life and Societal Cost of Illness.Journal of clinical psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Update on Psychiatry Residency Training in Personality Disorders: Becoming a Good Psychiatrist Through Becoming "Good Enough" at Treating Borderline and Narcissistic Personality Disorders.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Personality disorders: the impact of severity on societal costs.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The societal costs of avoidant personality disorder.Personality and mental health · 2025Article
- How to integrate physiological data from wearables in treatment of personality disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Comparison of 8-vs-12 weeks, adapted dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder in routine psychiatric inpatient treatment-A naturalistic study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Differential outcomes of outpatient only versus combined inpatient/outpatient treatment in early intervention for adolescent borderline personality disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Societal costs of personality disorders among treatment-seeking patients in Norway: the relative contribution of specific DSM-5 categories.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Differences in diagnostic rules used to determine borderline personality disorder impact prevalence and associations with clinically relevant variables: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.Personality disorders · 2024Article
- Attitudes, Clinical Practices, and Perceived Advocacy Needs of Professionals With Interests in Personality Disorders.Journal of personality disorders · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
According to previous research, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high cost-of-illness. However, there is still a shortage of cost-of-illness-studies assessing costs from a broad societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs. Further, there are considerable differences in the results among the existing studies. In the present study, 167 German men and women seeking specialized outpatient treatment for BPD were included. We assessed societal cost-of-illness bottom-up through structured face-to-face interviews and encompassed a wide range of cost components. All costs were calculated for the 2015 price level. Cost-of-illness amounted to € 31,130 per patient and year preceding disorder-specific outpatient treatment. € 17,044 (54.8%) were direct costs that were mostly related to hospital treatment. Indirect costs amounted to € 14,086 (45.2%). Within indirect costs, costs related to work disability were the most crucial cost driver. The present study underlines the tremendous economic burden of BPD. According to the present study, both the direct and indirect costs are of significant importance for the societal costs associated with BPD. Besides the need for more disorder-specific treatment facilities for men and women with BPD, we assume that education and employment are topics that should be specifically targeted and individually supported at an early stage of treatment.Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Registration, DRKS00011534, Date of Registration: 11/01/2017, retrospectively registered.
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