ArticleCancer medicine2021
The immunomodulatory activity of lenvatinib prompts the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of CD4Cells · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of lenvatinib in patients with advanced thyroid cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Combination immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: synergies among immune checkpoints, TKIs, and chemotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Lenvatinib plus immunotherapy versus lenvatinib monotherapy in lenvatinib-insensitive patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study.Investigational new drugs · 2025Article
- Case report and literature review: tislelizumab combined with lenvatinib and polymeric micellar paclitaxel for thymic squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Lenvatinib and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic insights, clinical efficacy, and future perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Small-molecule-based targeted therapy in liver cancer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Tumor microenvironment-responsive manganese-based nano-modulator activate the cGAS-STING pathway to enhance innate immune system response.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Dynamics of the neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio during lenvatinib treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Clinicopathological features of kidney injury in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy.Journal of clinical pathology · 2024Article
- Prognostic Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer Treated with Lenvatinib.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Fibroblast growth factor inhibition by molecular-targeted agents mitigates immunosuppressive tissue microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology international · 2024Article
- Exploring Immunological Effects and Novel Immune Adjuvants in Immunotherapy for Salivary Gland Cancers.Cancers · 2024Review
- Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with PD-1 inhibitors and Lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Targeting AXL induces tumor-intrinsic immunogenic response in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant liver cancer.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Tumor-produced immune regulatory factors as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Higher Number of Tumor-Infiltrating PD-L1+ Cells Is Related to Better Response to Multikinase Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evaluating the Benefits of TACE Combined with Lenvatinib Plus PD-1 Inhibitor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Anti-CASPR2 encephalitis in a liver posttransplant patient receiving immune-suppression and lenvatinib: a case report and literature review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLenvatinib is a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Although its main function is to suppress VEGFR and FGFR pathway, its immunomodulatory activity in HCC is not elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory capability of lenvatinib in HCC. MATERIAL AND
methodsTotally 47 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study, and the immune cells and serum cytokine profiles before initiation of treatment and after 1 and 3 months were measured. The immune checkpoint receptors on the immune cells were also evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and log rank tests were used to assess the prognostic value.
resultThe frequency of T helper (Th) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells reduced after lenvatinib treatment, while cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells increased significantly. The cytokine profiles showed IL-2, IL-5, IFN-γ increased; other cytokines including IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α and TNF- β decreased with lenvatinib therapy. Furthermore, the PD-1 and TIM-3 expressed on CTL had greatly decreased; the expression of TIM-3 and CTLA-4 was reduced on Treg cells as well. Besides, the new index CTL/Treg ratio was created, and low ratio was associated with the unfavorable outcome of HCC patients.
conclusionOur results confirmed that lenvatinib is capable of improving patients' immune status, saving the effector cells from exhaustion status and inhibiting the number and function of immunosuppressive cells. The novel index CTL/Treg ratio qualifies as a predictor for the outcome of patients with lenvatinib therapy.
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