Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34605095›Full record

Observational studyAddiction (Abingdon, England)2022

Long-term associations of cigarette smoking in early mid-life with predicted brain aging from mid- to late life.

Nathan Whitsel, Chandra A Reynolds, Erik J Buchholz, Shandell Pahlen, Rahul C Pearce, Sean N Hatton, Jeremy A Elman, Nathan A Gillespie, Daniel E Gustavson, Olivia K Puckett and 18 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Neuroimaging-Derived Predicted Brain Age and Alcohol Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2023
    Observational
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Nathan WhitselDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Chandra A ReynoldsDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Erik J BuchholzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Shandell PahlenDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Rahul C PearceDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Sean N HattonDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jeremy A ElmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nathan A GillespieVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8655-2823
Daniel E GustavsonDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Olivia K PuckettDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Anders M DaleDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Lisa T EylerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Christine Fennema-NotestineDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Donald J HaglerDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Richard L HaugerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Linda K McEvoyDepartment of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ruth McKenzieDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael C NealeVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Matthew S PanizzonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Mark Sanderson-CiminoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Rosemary ToomeyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Xin M TuDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Mc Kenna E WilliamsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Tyler BellDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Hong XianDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA.
Michael J LyonsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
William S KremenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Carol E FranzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8987-1755

Funding

The VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and Aging (VETSA 4)R01AG050595 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A, FRANZ, CAROL ELAINE · 2015 to 2024
$28.0M
The VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of AgingR01AG022381 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2003 to 2019
$22.3M
Urban Air Pollution and Pathological Brain Aging: A Nationwide Twin Study in MenP01AG055367 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CHEN, JIU-CHIUAN · 2018 to 2022
$11.5M
The VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging (VETSA MRI 4)R01AG076838 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE, Jeremy A Elman · 2022 to 2026
$8.7M
Clarifying risk and protective factors for dementia with the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortiumR01AG060470 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET, PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2018 to 2022
$3.6M
Gene-Environment Interplay of Social Contexts and Aging-Related OutcomesR01AG037985 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2010 to 2014
$3.2M
SES health gradients in late life: testing models of gene-environment interplay in an international twin consortiumR01AG059329 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI FINCH, BRIAN K., GATZ, MARGARET · 2018 to 2022
$2.9M
Moderate alcohol use: risk or protective factor for age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and brain health in agingR01AG062483 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MCEVOY, LINDA KATHLEEN · 2019 to 2021
$1.6M
Gene-Environment Interplay of Social Contexts and Aging-Related OutcomesR56AG037985 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET, PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2016 to 2016
$818k
Linking genetic subtypes of Alzheimer's disease to biological and cognitive heterogeneityK01AG063805 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A · 2021 to 2024
$516k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG063805NIA NIH HHS P01 AG055367NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022381NIA NIH HHS R01 AG037985NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050595NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059329NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060470NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062483NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076838NIA NIH HHS R56 AG037985
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsSmoking is associated with increased risk for brain aging/atrophy and dementia. Few studies have examined early associations with brain aging. This study aimed to measure whether adult men with a history of heavier smoking in early mid-life would have older than predicted brain age 16-28 years later.

designProspective cohort observational study, utilizing smoking pack years data from average age 40 (early mid-life) predicting predicted brain age difference scores (PBAD) at average ages 56, 62 (later mid-life) and 68 years (early old age). Early mid-life alcohol use was also evaluated.

settingPopulation-based United States sample. PARTICIPANTS/CASES: Participants were male twins of predominantly European ancestry who served in the United States military between 1965 and 1975. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) began at average age 56. Subsequent study waves included most baseline participants; attrition replacement subjects were added at later waves. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported smoking information was used to calculate pack years smoked at ages 40, 56, 62, and 68. MRIs were processed with the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computation Utility software (BARACUS) program to create PBAD scores (chronological age-predicted brain age) acquired at average ages 56 (n = 493; 2002-08), 62 (n = 408; 2009-14) and 68 (n = 499; 2016-19).

findingsIn structural equation modeling, age 40 pack years predicted more advanced age 56 PBAD [β = -0.144, P = 0.012, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.257, -0.032]. Age 40 pack years did not additionally predict PBAD at later ages. Age 40 alcohol consumption, but not a smoking × alcohol interaction, predicted more advanced PBAD at age 56 (β = -0.166, P = 0.001, 95% CI = -0.261, -0.070) with additional influences at age 62 (β = -0.115, P = 0.005, 95% CI = -0.195, -0.036). Age 40 alcohol did not predict age 68 PBAD. Within-twin-pair analyses suggested some genetic mechanism partially underlying effects of alcohol, but not smoking, on PBAD.

conclusionsHeavier smoking and alcohol consumption by age 40 appears to predict advanced brain aging by age 56 in men.

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingAdolescentAdultAgedAgingBrainFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotianaProspective StudiesYoung AdultAgingalcoholimaginglongitudinalPBADsmoking

Identifiers

PMID34605095
PMCPMC8904283

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.