ArticlePreventive medicine reports2021
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy January-May 2021 among 18-64 year old US adults by employment and occupation.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Considerations from a Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Health concerns and government distrust: Variation in types of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy by racial and ethnic group before and at universal vaccine eligibility in the US.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- "Same principles, different decisions": A qualitative study exploring the attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination among school staff in Switzerland.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Teachers' demographics, mindfulness skills, and anxiety predict COVID-19 vaccination status.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Role of Testing and Vaccination in Mediating Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Prevalence in Southern Nevada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Use of Job Exposure Matrices to Inform COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion Among Non-Health Care Workers in Chicago, Illinois.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of COVID-19 and Long COVID by Industry and Occupation: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2022.American journal of industrial medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Misinformation Endorsement among a Sample of Native Spanish-Speakers in the US: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among healthcare workers in selected health facilities of the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study conducted in 2021.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in COVID-19 Deaths, by Industry and Occupation, 2021.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of Healthcare Leaders in Promoting Vaccine Acceptance in Saudi Arabia.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2024Article
- Internet Addiction and COVID-19 Misbeliefs Among Hungarian Online Gamers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake, attitudes, and experiences between food system and non-food system essential workers.Journal of agriculture, food systems, and community development · 2024Article
- Understanding the determinants of vaccine hesitancy in the United States: A comparison of social surveys and social media.PloS one · 2024Article
- A scoping review of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: refusal rate, associated factors, and strategies to reduce.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women attending public antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy threatens pandemic control efforts. We evaluated vaccine hesitancy in the US by employment status and occupation category during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. US adults 18-64 years completed an online COVID-19 survey 3,179,174 times from January 6-May 19, 2021. Data was aggregated by month. Survey weights matched the sample to the US population age, gender, and state profile. Weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Changes in vaccine hesitancy from January-May varied widely by employment status (e.g., -7.8% [95%CI, -8.2 - -7.5] among those working outside the home, a 26.6% decrease; -13.3% [95%CI, -13.7 - -13.0] among those not working for pay, a 44.9% decrease), and occupation category (e.g., -15.9% [95%CI, -17.7 - -14.2] in production, a 39.3% decrease; -1.4% [95%CI, -3.8 - -1.0] in construction/extraction, a 3.0% decrease). April 20-May 19, 2021, vaccine hesitancy ranged from 7.3% (95%CI, 6.7 - 7.8) in computer/mathematical professions to 45.2% (95%CI, 43.2-46.8) in construction/extraction. Hesitancy was 9.0% (95%CI, 8.6-9.3) among educators and 14.5% (95%CI, 14.0-15.0) among healthcare practitioners/technicians. While the prevalence of reasons for hesitancy differed by occupation, over half of employed hesitant participants reported concern about side effects (51.7%) and not trusting COVID-19 vaccines (51.3%), whereas only 15.0% didn't like vaccines in general. Over a third didn't believe they needed the vaccine, didn't trust the government, and/or were waiting to see if it was safe. In this massive national survey of adults 18-64 years, vaccine hesitancy varied widely by occupation. Reasons for hesitancy indicate messaging about safety and addressing trust are paramount.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.