ArticleCureus2021
Estimation and Correlation of Serum Albumin and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels Between Smokers and Non-smokers With Generalized Chronic Periodontitis.
Article in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of calcium channel blocker-induced gingival hyperplasia among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Association between neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio and periodontitis: insights from a population-based study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Salivary and serum alkaline phosphatase as biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Association with periodontal health and disease.Bioinformation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease triggered by periodontal microbial interaction present in the dysbiotic biofilm and the host's immune response further leads to the destruction of the supporting periodontal apparatus, which may, in turn, lead to tooth loss. Smoking is an environmental risk factor for periodontitis, and it enhances the secretion of various enzymes from host cells, which results in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The albumin concentration is related to nutrition and inflammation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme found in various cells of the periodontium, is considered to cause the destruction of the periodontium. The study aimed to compare the serum albumin and serum ALP levels in smokers and non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included a total of 60 subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups, which included non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (NS+P) and smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (S+P). Clinical parameters analyzed were plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. The serum ALP and albumin levels were analyzed using a fully automated analyzer. Results The serum ALP levels were higher in the S+P group compared to the NS+P group. Conversely, the serum albumin levels were lower in the S+P group compared to the NS+P group. Conclusion There was a significant correlation of increased serum ALP levels and decreased serum albumin levels in the S+P group compared to the NS+P group.
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