ArticleClinical kidney journal2021
Review of intravitreal VEGF inhibitor toxicity and report of collapsing FSGS with TMA in a patient with age-related macular degeneration.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptome meta-analysis and validation to discovery of hub genes and pathways in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.BMC nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Acute Kidney Injury from Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of intravitreal VEGF inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Pooled it
- Nintedanib-Associated Glomerular Endothelial Injury With Secondary Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Potential Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Drug-related proteinuria: a vigilance analysis based on the FAERS database.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
- Article
- Deep Learning-Enhanced Robotic Subretinal Injection with Real-Time Retinal Motion Compensation.IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) : [proceedings]. IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering · 2025Article
- Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor systemic and renal toxicity registry.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Longitudinal renal function changes during real-world anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema in Japan.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Similar Risk of Kidney Failure among Patients with Blinding Diseases Who Receive Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, and Bevacizumab: An Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Network Study.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2024Observational
- Ocular and systemic vascular endothelial growth factor ligand inhibitor use and nephrotoxicity: an update.International urology and nephrology · 2024Review
- Intravitreal ranibizumab injection is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based study in Taiwan.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Effect of Intravitreal Anti-Endothelial Growth Factor Agents on Renal Function in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue revascularization in ischemic vascular disease.Journal of biological engineering · 2023Review
- Renal thrombotic microangiopathy and nephrotic proteinuria induced by intravitreal injection of aflibercept for diabetic macular edema.BMC nephrology · 2022Article
- Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors did not increase the risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with biopsy-proven diabetic kidney disease based on matched study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor blockade is used for a variety of retinal pathologies. These include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and central retinal vein obstruction. Reports of absorption of intravitreal agents into systemic circulation have increased in number and confirmation of depletion of VEGF has been confirmed. Increasingly there are studies and case reports showing worsening hypertension, proteinuria, renal dysfunction and glomerular disease. The pathognomonic findings of systemic VEGF blockade, thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), are also being increasingly reported. One lesion that occurs in conjunction with TMAs that has been described is collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (cFSGS). cFSGS has been postulated to occur due to TMA-induced chronic glomerular hypoxia. In this updated review we discuss the mechanistic, pharmacological, epidemiological and clinical evidence of intravitreal VEGF toxicity. We review cases of biopsy-proven toxicity presented by our group and other investigators. We also present the third reported case of cFSGS in the setting of intravitreal VEGF blockade with a chronic TMA component that was crucially found on biopsy. This patient is a 74-year-old nondiabetic male receiving aflibercept for AMD. Of the two prior cases of cFSGS in the setting of VEGF blockade, one had AMD and the other had DME. This case solidifies the finding of cFSGS and its association with chronic TMA as a lesion that may be frequently encountered in patients receiving intravitreal VEGF inhibitors.
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