SynthesisFrontiers in psychology2021
Effects of COVID-19-Related School Closures on Student Achievement-A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 437 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian primary school children's learning: A systematic review through a psycho-social lens.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Covid-19 distance and online learning: a systematic literature review in pharmacy education.BMC medical education · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in the School Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- K-12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- COVID-19-related school closures and students' achievement and motivation: Did teacher support make a difference.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Counterfactual evaluation of elementary and secondary school policies in the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Community Health Workers in School Systems: Social Prescribing for Healthcare Access and Resource Allocation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring coping strategies among adolescents during COVID-19 and war displacement: A qualitative analysis comparing two crisis settings.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigating Longitudinal Trajectories of COVID-19 Disruption: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on School-Based Medical Services in Austria.The Journal of school health · 2025Article
- Participatory Arts as Emergency Responses for Strengthening Community Resilience and Psychosocial Support: A Retrospective Phenomenological Inquiry.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The unintended health effects of US COVID-19 lockdowns: a systematic review.Health affairs scholar · 2025Review
- Optimization of school closures during an Omicron epidemic in Hong Kong: a modelling study.Interface focus · 2025Article
- Infection Control Measures in the Classroom During and in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidimensional Analysis of Secondary Student Well-Being and Emotions.The Journal of school health · 2025Article
- Pandemic Performance Measures of Resilience for Healthcare and Education in the Netherlands.The International journal of health planning and management · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to numerous governments deciding to close schools for several weeks in spring 2020. Empirical evidence on the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on academic achievement is only just emerging. The present work aimed to provide a first systematic overview of evidence-based studies on general and differential effects of COVID-19-related school closures in spring 2020 on student achievement in primary and secondary education. Results indicate a negative effect of school closures on student achievement, specifically in younger students and students from families with low socioeconomic status. Moreover, certain measures can be identified that might mitigate these negative effects. The findings are discussed in the context of their possible consequences for national educational policies when facing future school closures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.