Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34602934›Full record

ArticleTobacco induced diseases2021

Changes to cigarette packaging influence US consumers' choices: Results of two discrete-choice experiments to inform regulation.

Joseph G L Lee, Kevin F O'Brien, Tiffany M Blanchflower, Gunnar Swanson, Paige E Averett, Kyle R Gregory

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joseph G L LeeDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.
Kevin F O'BrienDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.
Tiffany M BlanchflowerDepartment of Interior Design and Merchandising, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.
Gunnar SwansonCollege of Fine Arts and Communication, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.
Paige E AverettSchool of Social Work, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States.
Kyle R GregoryDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWhile plain packaging of tobacco products has emerged as a policy intervention to reduce smoking, regulators in the US have limited ability to implement plain packaging. We sought to identify the impact of subtle changes to cigarette packaging (Study 1) and how packaging design influenced participant choices based on appeal, harm, and style (Study 2).

methodsWe conducted two discrete-choice experiments with US adult smokers online in 2018. In Study 1 (n=285), we assessed participants' selections based on subtle changes to pack design features (dimensions, color saturation, logo size). In Study 2 (n=284), we assessed three choices in which participants selected packs based on appeal, harmfulness, and best match to their personal style. Study 2 packs varied by color hue, design with different levels of organic labeling and natural imagery, and color saturation.

resultsPack designs influenced smokers' choices. In Study 1, pack dimensions and color saturation emerged as the most important features, and, in Study 2, design and color hue were the most influential characteristics.

conclusionsRegulators should consider how the design of cigarette packages may influence consumers' perceptions and choices.

Indexed as

marketingproduct packagingtobacco productsUnited States Food and Drug Administration

Identifiers

PMID34602934
PMCPMC8445337

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.