Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34601960›Full record

ReviewHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2021

Hypertension in Diabetes: An Update of Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Disease.

Guanghong Jia, James R Sowers

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 237 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
237citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
25.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

237 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 384 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026
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  8. Association of hypertension specialist treatment with blood pressure control in Japanese primary care: The J-DOME study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
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  14. Reply to: "Beyond BMI in interpreting sex-specific blood pressure trajectories: a comment on Kawasoe et al." [1].Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  15. Beyond BMI in interpreting sex-specific blood pressure trajectories: a comment on Kawasoe et al.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
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  18. Review
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177 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Guanghong JiaDepartment of Medicine-Endocrinology (G.J., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia.ORCID 0000-0003-0018-5925
James R SowersDepartment of Medicine-Endocrinology (G.J., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia.ORCID 0000-0001-7938-7129
University of Missouri · US

Funding

ANG II OPPOSES INS MEDIATED VASORELAXATION &GLU UTILZAR01HL073101 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · PI SOWERS, JAMES RUSSELL · 2004 to 2013
$2.7M
Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptors in diet-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistanceR01DK124329 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · PI JIA, GUANGHONG · 2021 to 2025
$1.9M
Ang II and Overnutrition and Insulin resistance in Cardiovascular TissueR01HL107910 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · PI SOWERS, JAMES RUSSELL · 2011 to 2015
$1.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL073101NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107910NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK124329
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have documented that insulin resistance and diabetes not only constitute metabolic abnormalities but also predispose to hypertension, vascular stiffness, and associated cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, excessive arterial stiffness and impaired vasorelaxation, in turn, contribute to worsening insulin resistance and the development of diabetes. Molecular mechanisms promoting hypertension in diabetes include inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, mitochondria dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. This review highlights recent studies which have uncovered new underlying mechanisms for the increased propensity for the development of hypertension in association with diabetes. These include enhanced activation of epithelial sodium channels, alterations in extracellular vesicles and their microRNAs, abnormal gut microbiota, and increased renal sodium-glucose cotransporter activity, which collectively predispose to hypertension in association with diabetes. This review also covers socioeconomic factors and currently recommended blood pressure targets and related treatment strategies in diabetic patients with hypertension.

Indexed as

Blood PressureCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansHypertensionInsulin ResistanceLife StyleRisk FactorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsblood pressurecardiovascular diseasesinsulin resistanceobesityvascular stiffness

Identifiers

PMID34601960
PMCPMC8516748
OpenAlexW3204320219

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.