Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34601916›Full record

ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2021

The content and structure of reputation domains across human societies: a view from the evolutionary social sciences.

Zachary H Garfield, Ryan Schacht, Emily R Post, Dominique Ingram, Andrea Uehling, Shane J Macfarlan

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Multiple Reputations: Selective Attention to Competence and Character.Personality & social psychology bulletin · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
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  8. The complexity of human cooperation under indirect reciprocity.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Review
  9. The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  10. Gossip and reputation in everyday life.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
  11. Direct punishment and indirect reputation-based tactics to intervene against offences.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Zachary H GarfieldInstitute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université de Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1547-1492
Ryan SchachtDepartment of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4606-7345
Emily R PostDepartment of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Dominique IngramDepartment of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Andrea UehlingDepartment of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Shane J MacfarlanDepartment of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6332-9829
University of Utah · USGreenville College · USUniversité Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées · FR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reputations are an essential feature of human sociality and the evolution of cooperation and group living. Much scholarship has focused on reputations, yet typically on a narrow range of domains (e.g. prosociality and aggressiveness), usually in isolation. Humans can develop reputations, however, from any collective information. We conducted exploratory analyses on the content, distribution and structure of reputation domain diversity across cultures, using the Human Relations Area Files ethnographic database. After coding ethnographic texts on reputations from 153 cultures, we used hierarchical modelling, cluster analysis and text analysis to provide an empirical view of reputation domains across societies. Findings suggest: (i) reputational domains vary cross-culturally, yet reputations for cultural conformity, prosociality, social status and neural capital are widespread; (ii) reputation domains are more variable for males than females; and (iii) particular reputation domains are interrelated, demonstrating a structure consistent with dimensions of human uniqueness. We label these features:

Indexed as

Cooperative BehaviorSocial StatusFemaleHumansLanguageMaleSocial BehaviorSocial Sciencescooperationcross-cultural analysishuman uniquenessprosocialityreputation

Identifiers

PMID34601916
PMCPMC8487742
OpenAlexW3204526949

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.