ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022
Peptides Derived from In Vitro and In Vivo Digestion of Human Milk Are Immunomodulatory in THP-1 Human Macrophages.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ex Vivo Immune Response of Casein-Sensitized Lymphocytes to Bovine Milk Protein Composite Genotypes: Beyond the β-Casein A1/A2 Paradigm.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Goat milk-derived bioactive peptides as a health promoter: an insight based on recent in silico studies.Food science of animal resources · 2026Review
- Temporal Dynamics of the Milk Proteome in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Human OPN-derived peptide SV prevents BPD model through interacting with KIF5B to repair mitochondrial damage and inhibit apoptosis.iScience · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Properties of Sweet Whey-Derived Peptides in THP-1 Macrophages.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bioactive milk peptides: an updated comprehensive overview and database.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2024Review
- Article
- Macrophage-Immunomodulatory Actions of Bovine Whey Protein Isolate, Glycomacropeptide, and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Digests.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Summary of the Joint National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration Workshop Titled "Exploring the Science Surrounding the Safe Use of Bioactive Ingredients in Infant Formula: Considerations for an Assessment Framework".The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Shaping infant development from the inside out: Bioactive factors in human milk.Seminars in perinatology · 2023Review
- Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Proteomics Characterization of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Digested Human Colostrum Reduces Interleukin-8 Production in Induced Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Premature delivery impacts the concentration of plasminogen activators and a plasminogen activator inhibitor and the plasmin activity in human milk.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMilk proteins contain many encrypted bioactive peptides. Whether these bioactive peptides are released in the infant intestine and exert immunomodulatory activity remains unknown.
objectiveThis study examined in vitro immunomodulatory activities of peptides from in vitro- and in vivo-digested human milk.
methodsPeptides were extracted from in vitro-digested human milk and pooled intestinal samples from 8 infants fed human milk. Peptides extracted from in vitro-digested samples were fractionated. The in vitro effects of these peptides and fractions on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-8 in LPS-treated human immune THP-1 macrophages were evaluated. The significance of differences between in vitro peptide fraction treatment and control on cytokine production was analyzed by t test. LC-MS/MS-based peptidomics was conducted to identify the peptides. The peptides were screened for potential bioactivity using a sequence homology search using the Milk Bioactive Peptide Database (MBPDB).
resultsSix fractions of the peptide mixture extracted from the in vitro-digested human milk significantly inhibited TNF-α production by LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Fractions F4, F8, F11, F14, and F17 attenuated IL-8 secretion, and F6/7 and F18 increased IL-8 secretion. Peptides extracted from the pooled in vivo intestinal samples attenuated both TNF-α and IL-8 secretion. There were 266 and 418 peptides identified in the in vitro and in vivo samples, respectively. Among the peptides, 34 and 50 in the in vitro and in vivo samples, respectively, had >80% sequence similarity to bioactive peptides in the MBPDB.
conclusionsPeptides released by in vitro and in vivo infant digestion of human milk were immunomodulatory in human immune cells; fractions F4, F8, and F11 were anti-inflammatory; and F6/7 and F18 were proinflammatory. Thirteen peptides were present in all fractions with anti-inflammatory activity, and 38 peptides were present in all fractions with proinflammatory activity. These peptides potentially contributed to the observed immunomodulatory activity of the peptide mixtures.
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