Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34601500›Full record

ArticleCell death discovery2021

Gadd45g initiates embryonic stem cell differentiation and inhibits breast cell carcinogenesis.

Xinbao Zhang, Yuting Li, Junxiang Ji, Xin Wang, Meng Zhang, Xiangfen Li, Yan Zhang, Zhenhua Zhu, Shou-Dong Ye, Xiaoxiao Wang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell death discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The Role and Diagnostic Efficacy of the METTL14/GADD45B mCellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xinbao Zhang *Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Yuting Li *Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Junxiang Ji *Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Xin WangCenter for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Meng ZhangCenter for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Xiangfen LiCenter for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Yan ZhangCenter for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Zhenhua ZhuCenter for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
Shou-Dong YeCenter for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China. shdye@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-8561
Xiaoxiao WangThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China. stemxi@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-4875
Anhui University · CNUniversity of Science and Technology of China · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many self-renewal-promoting factors of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been implicated in carcinogenesis, while little known about the genes that direct ESCs exit from pluripotency and regulate tumor development. Here, we show that the transcripts of Gadd45 family genes, including Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g, are gradually increased upon mouse ESC differentiation. Upregulation of Gadd45 members decreases cell proliferation and induces endodermal and trophectodermal lineages. In contrast, knockdown of Gadd45 genes can delay mouse ESC differentiation. Mechanistic studies reveal that Gadd45g activates MAPK signaling by increasing expression levels of the positive modulators of this pathway, such as Csf1r, Igf2, and Fgfr3. Therefore, inhibition of MAPK signaling with a MEK specific inhibitor is capable of eliminating the differentiation phenotype caused by Gadd45g upregulation. Meanwhile, GADD45G functions as a suppressor in human breast cancers. Enforced expression of GADD45G significantly inhibits tumor formation and breast cancer metastasis in mice through limitation of the propagation and invasion of breast cancer cells. These results not only expand our understanding of the regulatory network of ESCs, but also help people better treatment of cancers by manipulating the prodifferentiation candidates.

Identifiers

PMID34601500
PMCPMC8487429
OpenAlexW3204194014

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.