Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34600968›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2022

Anxiety and its relationship with sleep disturbance and problematic smartphone use among Chinese medical students during COVID-19 home confinement - A structural equation model analysis.

Yang Song, Kristin Sznajder, Can Cui, Yilong Yang, Ying Li, Xiaoshi Yang

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
20.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Yang SongDepartment of English, Institute of Foreign Languages, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China.
Kristin SznajderDepartment of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 17033, Hershey, PA, United States.
Can CuiDepartment of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China.
Yilong YangDepartment of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China.
Ying LiOffice of Personnel Training and Discipline Research Management, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China.
Xiaoshi YangDepartment of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: xsyang@cmu.edu.cn.
China Medical University · CNPennsylvania State University · USShenyang Medical College · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe majority of medical students in China have experienced home confinement and a reliance on online resources to study medicine since the outbreak of COVID-19. More time spent studying online during the COVID-19 pandemic may be a potential risk factor for problematic smartphone use, since smartphones have become the most commonly used device for accessing the internet. The objective of the present study was to explore the association between anxiety, smartphone problematic use and sleep disturbance among medical students during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement.

methodsAltogether, 666 medical students validly answered a self-administered questionnaire, which included the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Smartphone addiction scale - short version, and the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance scale (short form). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to explore the associated factors of anxiety. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test hypothesized associations.

resultsAnxiety was significantly associated with problematic smartphone use and sleep disturbance among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problematic smartphone use not only directly affected anxiety, but also exerted a significant indirect effect on anxiety via sleep disturbance. A significant decrease of the path coefficient of problematic smartphone use on anxiety (from β=0.53 to β=0.22, P<0.01) was observed with sleep disturbance being modeled as a mediator. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include its cross-sectional design and samples recruited from only one medical school.

conclusionsThe detrimental impact of problematic smartphone use and the importance of sleep health on mitigating anxiety should be highlighted and incorporated into medical education.

Indexed as

COVID-19Students, MedicalAnxietyChinaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2SleepSmartphoneAnxietyCOVID-19Medical studentsProblematic smartphone useSleep disturbanceStructural equation modeling

Identifiers

PMID34600968
PMCPMC8484230
OpenAlexW3202649978

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.