ReviewCurrent obesity reports2021
Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment.
Review in Current obesity reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
254 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 443 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-restricted eating in overweight and obese adults: an evidence summary and clinical recommendations.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in weight regain treatment or prevention after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of exercise on anthropometric outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 113 randomized controlled trials worldwide.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Difference in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk and Mortality by Dietary Pattern Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pegbelfermin for reducing transaminase levels in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Adults with excess weight or obesity, but not with overweight, report greater pain intensities than individuals with normal weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Intragastric Balloon Treatment Enhances Weight Maintenance Adjunct to Low-Energy Diet and Group-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Motor placebo effect in obesity: how ergogenic aids can decrease fatigue and improve motor performance.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2025Trial
- Subgroup analysis by sex and baseline BMI in people with a BMI ≥27 kg/mDiabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Impact of In-Person and Mobile Exercise Coaching on Psychosocial Factors Affecting Exercise Adherence in Inactive Women With Obesity: 20-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Supplementation with Microalgae Extract fromNutrients · 2024Trial
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Serum zinc, copper status and Cu/Zn ratio in overweight and obesity: associations with oxidative stress, adipokines, and cardiometabolic traits in adult women.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Eating Behavior Latent Profiles and Their Associations With Body Composition in Early Childhood: The CORALS Cohort.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Observational
- Age- and Sex-Specific Percentile Curves for the FM/FFM Ratio Using Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Palmitoleic acid n7 improves glucose uptake and metabolism and attenuates oxidative stress in human visceral adipocytes.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Key Components of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Among Women of Reproductive Age, 1990-2021.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2026Article
- Approaches to obesity among adults with accurate body-size perception: a qualitative thematic analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Prolonged Short Sleep and Its Effect on Body Weight and Composition : A Pooled Analysis of Randomized Trials.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Observational
194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewObesity is a heterogeneous condition, yet sex/gender is rarely considered in the prevention or clinical care of this disease. This review examined and evaluated recent literature regarding the influence of sex and gender on obesity prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment in adults. RECENT
findingsObesity is more prevalent in women than men in most countries, but in some countries and population subgroups, this gap is more pronounced. Several obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, demonstrate sex-specific pathways. Women, compared to men, are more likely to be diagnosed with obesity and seek and obtain all types of obesity treatment including behavioral, pharmacological, and bariatric surgery. Men tend to have greater absolute weight loss, but this difference is attenuated once accounting for baseline weight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition with complex interactions among sex/gender, sociocultural, environmental, and physiological factors. More sex/gender research is needed to investigate mechanisms underlying sex/gender differences in prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment, identify ways to increase men's interest and participation in obesity treatment, and examine differences in obesity prevalence and treatments for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.