Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34599648›Full record

ArticleDrug testing and analysis2022

Development and validation of a rapid LC-MS/MS method for the detection of 182 novel psychoactive substances in whole blood.

Arianna Giorgetti, Rossella Barone, Guido Pelletti, Marco Garagnani, Jennifer Pascali, Belal Haschimi, Volker Auwärter

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Observational
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. New psychoactive substances: a multidisciplinary review of challenges and their diverse character.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Arianna GiorgettiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-9787
Rossella BaroneDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Guido PellettiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Marco GaragnaniDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Jennifer PascaliDepartment of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Belal HaschimiInstitute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2954-7539
Volker AuwärterInstitute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2804
University of Bologna · ITUniversity of Freiburg · DEUniversity of Padua · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe analysis of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represents a challenge in forensic toxicology, due to the high number of compounds characterized by different structures and physicochemical properties both among different subclasses and within a single subclass of NPS. The aim of the present work is the development and validation of a targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection of NPS in whole blood. MATERIALS AND

methodsA protein-precipitation based LC-MS/MS method for the detection of more than 180 NPS was developed and validated by assessing the following parameters: selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) recovery, and matrix effect. Then, the method was applied to real forensic samples.

resultsThe method allowed the identification of 132 synthetic cannabinoids, 22 synthetic opioids, and 28 substances among synthetic cathinones, stimulants, and other drugs. Validation was successfully achieved for most of the compounds. Linearity was in the range of 0.25-10 ng/ml for synthetic cannabinoids and 0.25-25 ng/ml for other drugs. Accuracy and precision were acceptable according to international guidelines. Three cases tested positive for fentanyl and ketamine, in the setting of emergency room administration.

conclusionsThe present methodology represents a fast, not expensive, wide-panel method for the analysis of more than 180 NPS by LC-MS/MS, which can be profitably applied both in a clinical context and in postmortem toxicology.

Indexed as

Psychotropic DrugsTandem Mass SpectrometryChromatography, LiquidForensic ToxicologyLimit of DetectionSubstance Abuse DetectionPsychotropic Drugsforensic toxicologymass spectrometrynovel psychoactive substancesscreening methodvalidation

Identifiers

PMID34599648
PMCPMC9298299
OpenAlexW3204427847

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.