Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34599169›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Subtype heterogeneity and epigenetic convergence in neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Paloma Cejas, Yingtian Xie, Alba Font-Tello, Klothilda Lim, Sudeepa Syamala, Xintao Qiu, Alok K Tewari, Neel Shah, Holly M Nguyen, Radhika A Patel and 28 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
14.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Organoids glimpse: the nexus for diverse tumor heterogeneity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. RUNX1T1 drives stem-like small-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer identity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Article
  19. The Olive PhenolicCancers · 2025
    Article
  20. Distinct transcription factor interactions drive HOXB13 activity in different stages of prostate cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article

61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.

Paloma CejasDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. paloma_cejas@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2090-7748
Yingtian XieDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Alba Font-TelloDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7501-2888
Klothilda LimDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sudeepa SyamalaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Xintao QiuDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8560-7017
Alok K TewariDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2617-7499
Neel ShahDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Holly M NguyenDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Radhika A PatelDivisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lisha BrownDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ilsa ColemanDivisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Wenzel M HackengDepartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Lodewijk BrosensDepartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1341-8994
Koen M A DreijerinkDepartment of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3140-3502
Leigh EllisBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Sarah Abou AlaiwiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7073-3432
Ji-Heui SeoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sylvan BacaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Himisha BeltranDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3259-2226
Francesca KhaniWeill Cornell Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7238-8604
Mark PomerantzDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Alessandra Dall'AgneseWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Jett CrowdisDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eliezer M Van AllenDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0201-4444
Joaquim BellmuntBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and PSMAR-IMIM Lab. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2328-3421
Colm MorriseyDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Peter S NelsonDivisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5451-5726
James DeCaprioDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0896-167X
Anna FaragoMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Nicholas DysonMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Benjamin DrapkinNancy B. and Jake L. Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.
X Shirley LiuCenter for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4736-7339
Matthew FreedmanDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0151-1238
Michael C HaffnerDivisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Eva CoreyDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9244-3807
Myles BrownDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. myles_brown@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-8213-1658
Henry W LongDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. henry_long@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-6849-6629
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USUniversity of Washington · USBroad Institute · USDana-Farber Cancer Institute · USFred Hutch Cancer Center · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USUtrecht University · NLAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital · USThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USWhitehead Institute for Biomedical Research · US

Funding

TRANSCRIPTOME AND PROTEOME STRATIFICATION OF PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA PHENOTYPESP50CA097186 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI PETER S NELSON · 2002 to 2026
$58.1M
Steroid Metabolism in Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerP01CA163227 · NCI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI EVA COREY · 2013 to 2026
$25.0M
Using patient-derived models to understand drug responses in SCLCU01CA220323 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI DYSON, NICHOLAS J · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Dissecting and overcoming cross-resistance to DNA damaging agents in SCLCK08CA237832 · NCI · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI DRAPKIN, BENJAMIN J · 2020 to 2024
$1.2M
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA237832NCI NIH HHS P01 CA163227NCI NIH HHS P50 CA097186NCI NIH HHS U01 CA220323
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are tumors expressing markers of neuronal differentiation that can arise at different anatomic sites but have strong histological and clinical similarities. Here we report the chromatin landscapes of a range of human NECs and show convergence to the activation of a common epigenetic program. With a particular focus on treatment emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), we analyze cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and human clinical samples to show the existence of two distinct NEPC subtypes based on the expression of the neuronal transcription factors ASCL1 and NEUROD1. While in cell lines and PDX models these subtypes are mutually exclusive, single-cell analysis of human clinical samples exhibits a more complex tumor structure with subtypes coexisting as separate sub-populations within the same tumor. These tumor sub-populations differ genetically and epigenetically contributing to intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity in human metastases. Overall, our results provide a deeper understanding of the shared clinicopathological characteristics shown by NECs. Furthermore, the intratumoral heterogeneity of human NEPCs suggests the requirement of simultaneous targeting of coexisting tumor populations as a therapeutic strategy.

Indexed as

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsCarcinoma, NeuroendocrineChromatinEpigenesis, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMaleProstatic NeoplasmsTranscription FactorsASCL1 protein, humanBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsChromatinNEUROD1 protein, humanTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID34599169
PMCPMC8486778
OpenAlexW3202041537

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.