Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34597837›Full record

ArticleContemporary clinical trials2021

Effects of financial incentives on volunteering for clinical trials: A randomized vignette experiment.

Leonard Bickman, Henry J Domenico, Daniel W Byrne, Rebecca N Jerome, Terri L Edwards, Mary Stroud, Laurie Lebo, Kyle Mcguffin, Consuelo H Wilkins, Paul A Harris

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Contemporary clinical trials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The ethical permissibility of financial incentives.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Supporting rapid innovation in research data capture and management: the REDCap external module framework.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Volunteering for Infection: Participant Perspectives on a Hepatitis C Virus Controlled Human Infection Model.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Leonard BickmanFlorida International University, Miami, FL Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA.
Henry J DomenicoDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 11000, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Daniel W ByrneDepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 11000, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Rebecca N JeromeVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Terri L EdwardsVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Mary StroudVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Laurie LeboVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Kyle McguffinVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Consuelo H WilkinsOffice of Health Equity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Paul A HarrisVanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. Electronic address: paul.a.harris@vumc.org.

Funding

Improving Clinical trial Education, Recruitment, and Enrollment at CTSA Hubs (I-CERCH) - HEAL SupplementU24TR001579 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI HARRIS, PAUL A., WILKINS, CONSUELO HOPKINS · 2016 to 2022
$34.1M
NCATS NIH HHS U24 TR001579
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFinancial incentives may aid recruitment to clinical trials, but evidence regarding risk/burden-driven variability in participant preferences for incentives is limited. We developed and tested a framework to support real-world decisions on recruitment budget.

methodsWe included two phases: an Anchoring Survey, to ensure we could capture perceived unpleasantness on a range of life events, and a Vignette Experiment, to explore relationships between financial incentives and participants' perceived risk/burden and willingness to participate in high- and low-risk/burden versions of five vignettes drawn from common research activities. We compared vignette ratings to identify similarly rated life events from the Anchoring Survey to contextualize ratings of study risk.

resultsIn our Anchoring Survey (n = 643), mean ratings (scale 1 = lowest risk/burden to 5 = highest risk/burden) indicated that the questions made sense to participants, with highest risk assigned to losing house in a fire (4.72), and lowest risk assigned to having blood pressure taken (1.13). In the Vignette Experiment (n = 534), logistic regression indicated that amount of offered financial incentive and perceived risk/burden level were the top two drivers of willingness to participate in four of the five vignettes. Comparison of event ratings in the Anchoring Survey with the Vignette Experiment ratings suggested reasonable concordance on severity of risk/burden.

conclusionsWe demonstrated feasibility of a framework for assessing participant perceptions of risk for study activities and discerned directionality of relationship between financial incentives and willingness to participate. Future work will explore use of this framework as an evidence-gathering approach for gauging appropriate incentives in real-world study contexts.

Indexed as

MotivationHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesClinical trials as topicFinancial incentivesMotivationParticipant recruitment

Identifiers

PMID34597837
PMCPMC8595781

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.