ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2021
Factors modulating the incubation of drug and non-drug craving and their clinical implications.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of exercise of different intensities on withdrawal symptoms among people with substance use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammatory endotoxin challenge in individuals with alcohol use disorder and controls.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- Methamphetamine potentiates the use of outcome-specific associations via a hypothalamic-dopamine circuit.Neuron · 2026Article
- Article
- Marked sex differences are observed in heroin acquisition and affective states in rats but converge to similar levels of footshock stress-induced reinstatement.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Uncovering phenotypic diversity and cell-type-specific prefrontal cortex calcium dynamics in rat fentanyl self-administration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A machine learning approach with SHAP interpretability for classifying drug craving levels.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Amphetamine in adolescence induces a sex-specific mesolimbic dopamine phenotype in the adult prefrontal cortex.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Cocaine self-administration in adult female and male rhesus monkeys: longitudinal comparison with adolescent behavior and role of early life stress.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Biomolecular correlates of incubated sucrose-seeking within ventromedial prefrontal cortex are sex- and subregion-selective.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Article
- Quantifying Opponent Process Dynamics in Pornography Use and Masturbation: An Exploratory Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Convergent and divergent neural and behavioral responses to chronic cocaine use in macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Operant social seeking to a novel peer after social isolation is associated with activation of nucleus accumbens shell in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in motivation to take sucrose following abstinence and environmental enrichment in Long-Evans rats.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Bibliometric Analysis of Craving in Drug and Behavioral Addiction During the Last Decade.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Targeting Neuroplasticity in Substance Use Disorders: Implications for Therapeutics.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Replication and extension of the subregion selectivity of glutamate-related changes within the nucleus accumbens associated with the incubation of cocaine-craving.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Article
- Human laboratory models of reward in substance use disorder.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced cocaine craving increases progressively during early abstinence and remains high during extended periods of time. Clinical evidence now supports this hypothesis and that this increase is not specific to cocaine but rather generalize across several drugs of abuse. Investigators have identified an analogous incubation phenomenon in rodents, in which time-dependent increases in cue-induced drug seeking are observed after abstinence from intravenous drug or palatable food self-administration. Incubation of craving is susceptible to variation in magnitude as a function of biological and/or the environmental circumstances surrounding the individual. During the last decade, the neurobiological correlates of the modulatory role of biological (sex, age, genetic factors) and environmental factors (environmental enrichment and physical exercise, sleep architecture, acute and chronic stress, abstinence reinforcement procedures) on incubation of drug craving has been investigated. In this review, we summarized the behavioral procedures adopted, the key underlying neurobiological correlates and clinical implications of these studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.