ArticleThoracic cancer2021
Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: A real-world retrospective study in China.
Article in Thoracic cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies for lung cancer brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on brain metastasis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without radiotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: molecular subtypes and emerging CNS-directed precision therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles that modulate immune cells - an important strategy for the future treatment of tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes and predictive factors of immunotherapy efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases: a comparative study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeted anti-cancer agents and risk of venous thromboembolism.Haematologica · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Under-Represented by Clinical Trials.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Correlation between immune-related adverse events and treatment efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Analysis of Immunotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Metastasis of Driver Gene-Negative Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Navigate Towards the Immunotherapy Era: Value of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer targeting immune cells: Future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Real-World Data of Different Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in China.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: A real-world retrospective study in China.Thoracic cancer · 2021Article
- The Research Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Enhancing Radiotherapy Efficacy.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Bridging the Gap: Connecting the Mechanisms of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Autoimmunity Through PD-1.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Epigenetic modification in radiotherapy and immunotherapy for cancers.Tzu chi medical journalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is only limited knowledge of the treatment responses and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BM). This study aims to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy in these patients in a real world setting.
methodsNSCLC-BM patients without driver gene mutations who received ICIs were retrospectively identified between July 2017 and December 2019. The primary observation endpoint was intracranial objective response rate (iORR), and secondary objectives were objective response rate (ORR), intracranial and systemic progression-free survival (iPFS, PFS), and overall survival (OS).
resultsWe reviewed 1578 patients with lung cancer and BM. According to the exclusion criteria, 41 patients were finally enrolled. Among these 41 patients, iORR was 36.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 21.2%-52.0%), whereas iPFS was 6.8 (95% CI = 3.32-10.35) months. Additionally, ORR, PFS, and OS were 24.4% (95% CI = 10.7%-38.1%), 6.2 (95% CI = 4.57-7.83) months and 13.7 (95% CI = 11.20-16.26) months, respectively. ICIs combined with concurrent radiotherapy group exhibited preferred iORR (p = 0.030) compared with no radiotherapy group, and ICIs plus chemotherapy showed improved OS (p = 0.024) compared to ICI monotherapy. Moreover, the lines of ICI treatment ≥2 (p = 0.005) and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) ≥3 (p = 0.010) were independently negative factors for OS.
conclusionIn NSCLC-BMs patients lacking driver genes, ICIs exhibited an effective drug regime. A combination of ICIs with concurrent radiotherapy showed a better intracranial response, whereas ICIs plus chemotherapy were associated with superior OS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.