Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34595734›Full record

ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2021

Lessons from Injury: How Nerve Injury Studies Reveal Basic Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities for Peripheral Nerve Diseases.

Peter Arthur-Farraj, Michael P Coleman

Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Junctions in Jeopardy: the neuromuscular junction is a selective pathological target in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. SARM1 Inhibition in Three Mouse Models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2025
    Article
  10. Genetic Deletion of Sarm1 in Mouse Models of Three Neurological Diseases.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2025
    Article
  11. Basic Pathological Mechanisms in Peripheral Nerve Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. DA.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Peter Arthur-FarrajDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK. pja47@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-9392
Michael P ColemanDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK. mc469@cam.ac.uk.
University of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 206634Wellcome Trust 206634/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since Waller and Cajal in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, laboratory traumatic peripheral nerve injury studies have provided great insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms governing axon degeneration and the responses of Schwann cells, the major glial cell type of peripheral nerves. It is now evident that pathways underlying injury-induced axon degeneration and the Schwann cell injury-specific state, the repair Schwann cell, are relevant to many inherited and acquired disorders of peripheral nerves. This review provides a timely update on the molecular understanding of axon degeneration and formation of the repair Schwann cell. We discuss how nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) and sterile alpha TIR motif containing protein 1 (SARM1) are required for axon survival and degeneration, respectively, how transcription factor c-JUN is essential for the Schwann cell response to nerve injury and what each tells us about disease mechanisms and potential therapies. Human genetic association with NMNAT2 and SARM1 strongly suggests aberrant activation of programmed axon death in polyneuropathies and motor neuron disorders, respectively, and animal studies suggest wider involvement including in chemotherapy-induced and diabetic neuropathies. In repair Schwann cells, cJUN is aberrantly expressed in a wide variety of human acquired and inherited neuropathies. Animal models suggest it limits axon loss in both genetic and traumatic neuropathies, whereas in contrast, Schwann cell secreted Neuregulin-1 type 1 drives onion bulb pathology in CMT1A. Finally, we discuss opportunities for drug-based and gene therapies to prevent axon loss or manipulate the repair Schwann cell state to treat acquired and inherited neuropathies and neuronopathies.

Indexed as

Armadillo Domain ProteinsPeripheral Nerve InjuriesAnimalsAxonsCytoskeletal ProteinsArmadillo Domain ProteinsCytoskeletal ProteinsC-JUNNeuregulinNMNAT2Programmed axon deathRegenerationRepair Schwann cellSARM1Wallerian degeneration

Identifiers

PMID34595734
PMCPMC8804151
OpenAlexW3201981955

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.