ReviewClinical hematology international2020
Cold Agglutinin Disease.
Review in Clinical hematology international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Therapies, and Outcomes.American journal of hematology · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term safety profile of sutimlimab in adult Japanese patients with cold agglutinin disease.International journal of hematology · 2024Trial
- Therapeutic plasma exchange for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated cold agglutinin syndrome: A case report.Transfusion · 2026Article
- From Thyroid Therapy to Systemic Crisis: PTU-Induced c-ANCA Vasculitis Accompanied by Cold-Agglutinin Disease and Organ Failure.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2026Article
- Complement inhibition by sutimlimab in cold agglutinin disease promotes red blood cell agglutination and may lead to circulatory complications, eryptosis and hemolysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Rare Case of Severe Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in a Hemochromatosis Carrier.Case reports in hematology · 2026Article
- Treatment of Cold Agglutinin Syndrome Secondary to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With Sutimlimab and Obinutuzumab-Venetoclax.Case reports in hematology · 2026Article
- Cryoproteins in Non-HCV-Related Autoimmune Disorders: A Serious Cold-Induced Problem.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intraoperative vascular anastomosis occlusion due to cold agglutinin disease during brain surgery: a case report.JA clinical reports · 2025Article
- Case Report: Coexisting cold agglutinin disease and acquired hemophilia A: a rituximab-responsive dual autoimmune disorder.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Resolving Incompatible Blood Cross-Matching: The Role of 37°C Water Bath in Transfusion Safety.Journal of blood medicine · 2025Article
- Organizing Pneumonia in a Case of Cold Agglutinin Disease with Pulmonary Thrombosis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Article
- Rare case of refractory mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 6-year-old child: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Synthesis and clinical application of new drugs approved by FDA in 2022.Molecular biomedicine · 2023Review
- Hemolytic Anemia in the Setting of Atypical Pneumonia: A Case of Cold Agglutinin Disease.Cureus · 2023Article
- Human adenovirus associated with severe cold agglutinin syndrome: a rare complication in Pediatrics.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Cold AIHA and the best treatment strategies.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2022Article
- Cold agglutinin anti-I antibodies in two patients with COVID-19.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- Sutimlimab: First Approval.Drugs · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is an uncommon form of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients with unexplained chronic anemia presenting with or without cold-induced symptoms in the extremities, such as the fingers, ears, and nose. CAD is a complement-mediated process which leads to intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. A stepwise approach to laboratory testing can help confirm the diagnosis. Nearly all cold agglutinins are positive for the C3d direct antiglobulin test (DAT). A negative C3d DAT should prompt investigation of a possible warm AIHA. Ninety percent of cold agglutinins are of the IgM immunoglobulin class and should have a titer of 1:64 or higher at 4°C. Distinction from a warm AIHA is important, as therapy differs for the two entities. Corticosteroids are not effective at treating CAD and should not be used as therapy in these patients. Approximately 45-60% of patients with CAD respond to rituximab monotherapy. Combination therapy of rituximab and fludarabine has been shown to be effective in up to 76% of patients; however, patients experience more mild side effects with this treatment. New anti-complement drugs, such as eculizumab and sutimlimab, are currently in phase-3 trials to determine their efficacy and safety in patients with CAD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.