ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, the Immunological Key Words of Severe COVID-19. Is There a Role for Stem Cell Transplantation?
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting immunosenescence in lung diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical interventions.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in immunosenescence: a qualitative review of their potential and challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Immune aging and infectious diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2024Review
- Centenarians, semi and supercentenarians, COVID-19 and Spanish flu: a serological assessment to gain insight into the resilience of older centenarians to COVID-19.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- The use of alpha 1 thymosin as an immunomodulator of the response against SARS-Cov2.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- Role of Sex and Age in Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19: Women and Older Centenarians Are More Resilient.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Sex and gender affect immune aging.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
- Centenarians born before 1919 are resistant to COVID-19.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- GM Allotypes and COVID-19. A Pilot Study Performed on Sicilian Patients.Translational medicine @ UniSa · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outcomes of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vary depending on the age, health status and sex of an individual, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. From an immunologic viewpoint, the final severe lung damage observed in COVID-19 should be caused by cytokine storm, driven mainly by interleukin-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, which immunopathogenic status precedes this "cytokine storm" and why the male older population is more severely affected, are currently unanswered questions. The aging of the immune system, i.e., immunosenescence, closely associated with a low-grade inflammatory status called "inflammageing," should play a key role. The remodeling of both innate and adaptive immune response observed with aging can partly explain the age gradient in severity and mortality of COVID-19. This review discusses how aging impacts the immune response to the virus, focusing on possible strategies to rejuvenate the immune system with stem cell-based therapies. Indeed, due to immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a worth-considering option against COVID-19 adverse outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.