Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34594333›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens as Carrier for Polysaccharides: Impact of Sugar Length, Density, and Attachment Site on the Immune Response Elicited in Animal Models.

Francesca Micoli, Renzo Alfini, Roberta Di Benedetto, Francesca Necchi, Fabiola Schiavo, Francesca Mancini, Martina Carducci, Davide Oldrini, Olimpia Pitirollo, Gianmarco Gasperini and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Development of a Promising Bivalent Vaccine AgainstExploration (Beijing, China) · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Platforms.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Francesca MicoliGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Renzo AlfiniGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Roberta Di BenedettoGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Francesca NecchiGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Fabiola SchiavoGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Francesca ManciniGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Martina CarducciGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Davide OldriniGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Olimpia PitirolloGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Gianmarco GasperiniGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.
Cristiana BalocchiGSK, Research Centre, Siena, Italy.
Nicoletta BechiGSK, Research Centre, Siena, Italy.
Brunella BrunelliGSK, Research Centre, Siena, Italy.
Diego PiccioliGSK, Research Centre, Siena, Italy.
Roberto AdamoGSK, Research Centre, Siena, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanoparticle systems are being explored for the display of carbohydrate antigens, characterized by multimeric presentation of glycan epitopes and special chemico-physical properties of nano-sized particles. Among them, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are receiving great attention, combining antigen presentation with the immunopotentiator effect of the Toll-like receptor agonists naturally present on these systems. In this context, we are testing Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), OMVs naturally released from Gram-negative bacteria mutated to increase blebbing, as carrier for polysaccharides. Here, we investigated the impact of saccharide length, density, and attachment site on the immune response elicited by GMMA in animal models, using a variety of structurally diverse polysaccharides from different pathogens (i.e.,

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigens, BacterialCarrier ProteinsCell MembraneFemaleGlycoconjugatesImmunityMiceModels, AnimalPolysaccharides, BacterialSalmonella typhimuriumVaccinesAntigens, BacterialCarrier ProteinsGlycoconjugatesPolysaccharides, BacterialVaccinescarrier proteinglycoconjugateGMMApolysaccharidevaccine

Identifiers

PMID34594333
PMCPMC8477636

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.