Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34593942›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Optimized design parameters for CRISPR Cas9 and Cas12a homology-directed repair.

Mollie S Schubert, Bernice Thommandru, Jessica Woodley, Rolf Turk, Shuqi Yan, Gavin Kurgan, Matthew S McNeill, Garrett R Rettig

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The landscape and trajectory of global CRISPR therapeutics.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026
    Review
  4. Efficient Endogenous Tagging in the Sea Urchin,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. CRISPR Gene Tagging for Illuminating Endogenous Protein Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Ultra-large targeted DNA integrations in primary human cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Precision T cell correction platform for inborn errors of immunity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Mollie S SchubertIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.
Bernice ThommandruIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.
Jessica WoodleyIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.
Rolf TurkIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1283-9594
Shuqi YanIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.
Gavin KurganIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.
Matthew S McNeillIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA.
Garrett R RettigIntegrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA, 52241, USA. grettig@idtdna.com.ORCID 0000-0003-4634-5787
Integrated DNA Technologies (United States) · USBGI Group (China) · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas proteins are RNA-guided nucleases used to introduce double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at targeted genomic loci. DSBs are repaired by endogenous cellular pathways such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR). Providing an exogenous DNA template during repair allows for the intentional, precise incorporation of a desired mutation via the HDR pathway. However, rates of repair by HDR are often slow compared to the more rapid but less accurate NHEJ-mediated repair. Here, we describe comprehensive design considerations and optimized methods for highly efficient HDR using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) donor templates for several CRISPR-Cas systems including S.p. Cas9, S.p. Cas9 D10A nickase, and A.s. Cas12a delivered as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Features relating to guide RNA selection, donor strand preference, and incorporation of blocking mutations in the donor template to prevent re-cleavage were investigated and were implemented in a novel online tool for HDR donor template design. These findings allow for high frequencies of precise repair utilizing HDR in multiple mammalian cell lines. Tool availability: https://www.idtdna.com/HDR.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsGene EditingRecombinational DNA RepairBacterial ProteinsCell LineCRISPR-Associated Protein 9CRISPR-Associated ProteinsEndodeoxyribonucleasesHumansMutationRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsBacterial ProteinsCas12a proteinCRISPR-Associated Protein 9CRISPR-Associated ProteinsEndodeoxyribonucleasesRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems

Identifiers

PMID34593942
PMCPMC8484621
OpenAlexW3203769463

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.