ArticleScientific reports2021
The virucidal effects of 405 nm visible light on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential role of violet-blue light to preventing hospital acquired infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by broad-spectrum visible light.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Insights into the mechanisms of infection transmission via inanimate surfaces.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Photoinactivation of influenza viruses by modulated indoor daylight spectrum and intensity.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Lights out for Superbugs: Is antimicrobial blue light a potential approach for future infection Control?Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation mechanism using violet-blue light (405 nm).Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- An Assessment of the Efficacy of Commercial Air Ionizer Systems Against a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- 405 nm violet-blue light inactivates hepatitis C cell culture virus (HCVcc) in ex vivo human platelet concentrates and plasma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Photoinactivation of the bacteriophage PhiX174 by UVA radiation and visible light in SM buffer and DMEM-F12.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation.Chemical Society reviews · 2023Review
- Impacts of Surface Characteristics and Dew Point on the Blue-Light (BLMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- The inhibitory and inactivating effects of visible light on SARS-CoV-2: A narrative update.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology · 2023Article
- Inhibitory effect of 405 nm laser light on bacterial biofilm in urethral stent.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain transportation environments and the efficacy of disinfection measures.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Comparative Assessment of Pulsed and Continuous LED UV-A Lighting for Disinfection of Contaminated Surfaces.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS-CoV-2-specific data.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Overview of the Role of Spatial Factors in Indoor SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: A Space-Based Framework for Assessing the Multi-Route Infection Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effect of inactivating RNA viruses by coupled UVC and UVA LEDs evaluated by a viral surrogate commonly used as a genetic vector.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Visible 405 nm Violet-Blue Light Successfully Inactivates HIV-1 in Human Plasma.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The germicidal potential of specific wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum is an area of growing interest. While ultra-violet (UV) based technologies have shown satisfactory virucidal potential, the photo-toxicity in humans coupled with UV associated polymer degradation limit their use in occupied spaces. Alternatively, longer wavelengths with less irradiation energy such as visible light (405 nm) have largely been explored in the context of bactericidal and fungicidal applications. Such studies indicated that 405 nm mediated inactivation is caused by the absorbance of porphyrins within the organism creating reactive oxygen species which result in free radical damage to its DNA and disruption of cellular functions. The virucidal potential of visible-light based technologies has been largely unexplored and speculated to be ineffective given the lack of porphyrins in viruses. The current study demonstrated increased susceptibility of lipid-enveloped respiratory pathogens of importance such as SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent of COVID-19) and influenza A virus to 405 nm, visible light in the absence of exogenous photosensitizers thereby indicating a potential alternative porphyrin-independent mechanism of visible light mediated viral inactivation. These results were obtained using less than expected irradiance levels which are considered safe for humans and commercially achievable. Our results support further exploration of the use of visible light technology for the application of continuous decontamination in occupied areas within hospitals and/or infectious disease laboratories, specifically for the inactivation of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.