Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34593817›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

ECNet is an evolutionary context-integrated deep learning framework for protein engineering.

Yunan Luo, Guangde Jiang, Tianhao Yu, Yang Liu, Lam Vo, Hantian Ding, Yufeng Su, Wesley Wei Qian, Huimin Zhao, Jian Peng

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed
10.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Efficient, Few-shot Directed Evolution with Energy Rank Alignment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  13. Review
  14. ProT-VAE: Protein Transformer Variational AutoEncoder for functional protein design.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
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  17. Article
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  19. Review
  20. Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yunan Luo *Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7728-6412
Guangde Jiang *Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Tianhao YuDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Yang LiuDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Lam VoDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Hantian DingDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Yufeng SuDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Wesley Wei QianDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Huimin ZhaoDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. zhao5@illinois.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9069-6739
Jian PengDepartment of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. jianpeng@illinois.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1736-2978
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Machine learning has been increasingly used for protein engineering. However, because the general sequence contexts they capture are not specific to the protein being engineered, the accuracy of existing machine learning algorithms is rather limited. Here, we report ECNet (evolutionary context-integrated neural network), a deep-learning algorithm that exploits evolutionary contexts to predict functional fitness for protein engineering. This algorithm integrates local evolutionary context from homologous sequences that explicitly model residue-residue epistasis for the protein of interest with the global evolutionary context that encodes rich semantic and structural features from the enormous protein sequence universe. As such, it enables accurate mapping from sequence to function and provides generalization from low-order mutants to higher-order mutants. We show that ECNet predicts the sequence-function relationship more accurately as compared to existing machine learning algorithms by using ~50 deep mutational scanning and random mutagenesis datasets. Moreover, we used ECNet to guide the engineering of TEM-1 β-lactamase and identified variants with improved ampicillin resistance with high success rates.

Indexed as

Deep LearningEvolution, MolecularAmino Acid Sequencebeta-Lactamasesbeta-Lactam ResistanceDatasets as TopicGenetic FitnessHigh-Throughput Screening AssaysMutationProtein EngineeringSequence Homology, Amino Acidbeta-Lactamasesbeta-lactamase TEM-1

Identifiers

PMID34593817
PMCPMC8484459
OpenAlexW3202848468

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.