ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Targeting the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein through GSK-3 inhibition.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotropic drug repurposing for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Nsp3 Ubl1-orchestrated dephosphorylation of N protein promotes coronaviral subgenomic RNA synthesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- BST-2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 egress at intracellular membranes and is neutralized by ORF7a.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein recruits PP2A to dephosphorylate the nucleocapsid and promote virion production.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein variants have differential RNA chaperone activity.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Intramolecular loops control SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein self-association and nucleic acid binding dependent on phosphorylation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lithium-Charged Gold Nanoparticles: A New Powerful Tool for Lithium Delivery and Modulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Activity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Rewriting the viral script: post-translational modifications orchestrating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immune evasion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3 promotes the proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus by phosphorylating the nucleocapsid protein.Virulence · 2025Article
- Article
- Phosphorylation toggles the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein between two membrane-associated condensate states.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: exploring the role of nucleocapsid protein in thrombosis.PeerJ · 2025Review
- Cell-based high-content approach for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization identifies unique monoclonal antibodies and PI3K pathway inhibitors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Reduced risk of severe COVID-19 with lithium use: a large-scale comparison with valproate users and other COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins: a multifaceted modulator in the innate immune evasion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The dual role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) in neurodegenerative pathologies: interplay between autophagy and disease progression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Uncovering Overlapping Gene Networks and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Osteoporosis and COVID-19 Through Bioinformatics Analysis.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Proteome-wide characterization of PTMs reveals host cell responses to viral infection and identifies putative antiviral drug targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Lithium: current state of the art and future directions.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 evolution balances conflicting roles of N protein phosphorylation.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronaviruses responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, and other coronavirus infections express a nucleocapsid protein (N) that is essential for viral replication, transcription, and virion assembly. Phosphorylation of N from SARS-CoV by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is required for its function and inhibition of GSK-3 with lithium impairs N phosphorylation, viral transcription, and replication. Here we report that the SARS-CoV-2 N protein contains GSK-3 consensus sequences and that this motif is conserved in diverse coronaviruses, raising the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may be sensitive to GSK-3 inhibitors, including lithium. We conducted a retrospective analysis of lithium use in patients from three major health systems who were PCR-tested for SARS-CoV-2. We found that patients taking lithium have a significantly reduced risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio = 0.51 [0.35-0.74],
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.