ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Elucidating mechanisms of antitumor immunity mediated by live oncolytic vaccinia and heat-inactivated vaccinia.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncolytic virotherapy with chimeric rVSV-NDV causes tumor-specific immunity in a DC-activation-dependent manner.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Next-generation oncolytic virotherapy for lung cancer: bridging innovative vector engineering with clinical immunotherapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- The cGAS/STING pathway in cancer: translating innate DNA sensing into therapeutic potential.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- ZBP1 as a dynamic monitor of viral replication: implications for therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Oncolytic immunovirotherapy: finding the tumor antigen needle in the antiviral haystack.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Harnessing oncolytic viruses to overcome immunosuppression in breast cancer: from mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Virus replication is not required for oncolytic bovine herpesvirus-1 immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetic enhancement of oncolytic virus M1 by inhibiting JAK‒STAT pathway.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Article
- Integrating innate and adaptive immunity in oncolytic virus therapy.Trends in cancer · 2024Review
- Upregulated PPP1R14B is connected to cancer progression and immune infiltration in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Article
- Biomimetic Nano-Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Platform for Promoting Tumor Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- The common H232 STING allele shows impaired activities in DNA sensing, susceptibility to viral infection, and in monocyte cell function, while the HAQ variant possesses wild-type properties.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tumor Vaccines: Unleashing the Power of the Immune System to Fight Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- OX40L-expressing recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara induces potent antitumor immunity via reprogramming Tregs.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Vaccinia E5 is a major inhibitor of the DNA sensor cGAS.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Chimeric Oncolytic Adenovirus Armed Chemokine Rantes for Treatment of Breast Cancer.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pseudocowpox virus, a novel vector to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor vaccination.Clinical & translational immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundViral-based immunotherapy can overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and fill the unmet needs of many patients with cancer. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are defined as engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells. OVs also induce antitumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to compare the antitumor effects of live oncolytic vaccinia viruses versus the inactivated versions and elucidate their underlying immunological mechanisms.
methodsWe engineered a replication-competent, oncolytic vaccinia virus (OV-GM) by inserting a murine GM-CSF gene into the thymidine kinase locus of a mutant vaccinia E3L∆83N, which lacks the Z-DNA-binding domain of vaccinia virulence factor E3. We compared the antitumor effects of intratumoral (IT) delivery of live OV-GM versus heat-inactivated OV-GM (heat-iOV-GM) in a murine B16-F10 melanoma bilateral implantation model. We also generated vvDD, a well-studied oncolytic vaccinia virus, and compared the antitumor effects of live vvDD vs heat-inactivated vvDD (heat-ivvDD) in a murine A20 B-cell lymphoma bilateral tumor implantation model.
resultsHeat-iOV-GM infection of dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells in vitro induced type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, whereas live OV-GM did not. IT live OV-GM was less effective in generating systemic antitumor immunity compared with heat-iOV-GM. Similar to heat-iOV-GM, the antitumor effects of live OV-GM also require Batf3-dependent CD103
conclusionsTumor lysis induced by the replication of oncolytic vaccinia virus has a limited effect on the generation of systemic antitumor immunity. The activation of Batf3-dependent CD103
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.