Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34593277›Full record

ArticleUltrasound in medicine & biology2021

In Vivo Porcine Aged Deep Vein Thrombosis Model for Testing Ultrasound-based Thrombolysis Techniques.

Greyson E Stocker, Jiaqi Shi, Kimberly Ives, Adam D Maxwell, Paul A Dayton, Xiaoning Jiang, Zhen Xu, Gabe E Owens

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. In Vivo Porcine Model of Acute Iliocaval Deep Vein Thrombosis.Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Greyson E StockerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Electronic address: gstocker@umich.edu.
Jiaqi ShiDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Laboraties, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Kimberly IvesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Adam D MaxwellDepartment of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Paul A DaytonJoint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Xiaoning JiangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Zhen XuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Gabe E OwensDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Funding

Integrated Dual-frequency Ultrasound Catheter for Accelerated Sonothrombolysis (iDUCAS)R01HL141967 · NHLBI · NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH · PI Xiaoning Jiang, Zhen Xu · 2018 to 2026
$4.1M
Linking epigenetic regulation and TGF-β signaling in pancreatic cancerK08CA234222 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SHI, JIAQI · 2018 to 2021
$744k
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA234222NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL141967
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As blood clots age, many thrombolytic techniques become less effective. To fully evaluate these techniques for potential clinical use, a large animal aged-clot model is needed. Previous minimally invasive attempts to allow clots to age in an in vivo large animal model were unsuccessful because of the clot clearance associated with relatively high level of cardiac health of readily available research pigs. Prior models have thus subsequently used invasive surgical techniques with the associated morbidity, animal stress and cost. We propose a method for forming sub-acute venous blood clots in an in-vivo porcine model. The age of the clots can be controlled and varied. By using an intravenous scaffold to anchor the clot to the vessel wall during the aging process, we can show that sub-acute clots can consistently be formed with a minimally invasive, percutaneous approach. The clot formed in this study remained intact for at least 1 wk in all subjects. Therefore, we established a new minimally invasive, large animal aged-clot model for evaluation of thrombolytic techniques.

Indexed as

ThrombosisVenous ThrombosisAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFibrinolytic AgentsSwineThrombolytic TherapyFibrinolytic AgentsClot retractionDeep vein thrombosisDVTIn vivoNon-invasiveSub-acute clotThrombolysisThrombosis

Identifiers

PMID34593277
PMCPMC8578380

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.