Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34591954›Full record

ReviewThe Biochemical journal2021

The BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin ligase and its substrates.

Samuel R Witus, Mikaela D Stewart, Rachel E Klevit

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Biochemical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Assessing the Clinical Relevance ofCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Case Report:Frontiers in oncology · 2026
    Article
  9. Saturation genome editing ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  10. BARD1: A Friend or Foe in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  11. PathogenicThe journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025
    Article
  12. Regulation of placental development and function by ubiquitination.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Biallelic GermlineInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  17. DNA damage-induced proteasome phosphorylation controls substrate recognition and facilitates DNA repair.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Samuel R WitusDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
Mikaela D StewartDepartment of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A.
Rachel E KlevitDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0002-3476-969X
University of Washington · USTexas Christian University · US

Funding

TRAINING IN MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICST32GM008268 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KOLLMAN, JUSTIN M, ZHENG, NING · 1988 to 2023
$8.6M
Structural and Functional Characterization of BRCA1/BARD1R01GM088055 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KLEVIT, RACHEL E · 2009 to 2020
$6.5M
Defining the role of BARD1 in nucleosomal ubiquitylationR01CA260834 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BRZOVIC, PETER S, KLEVIT, RACHEL E · 2021 to 2025
$2.7M
Disrupting Protein-Protein Interactions with Self-Assembling MacrocyclesR15GM135900 · NIGMS · TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY · PI SIMANEK, ERIC E, STEWART, MIKAELA · 2019 to 2023
$736k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA260834NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM088055NIGMS NIH HHS R15 GM135900NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008268
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its heterodimeric binding partner BARD1 confer a high risk for the development of breast and ovarian cancers. The sole enzymatic function of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex is as a RING-type E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, leading to the deposition of Ub signals onto a variety of substrate proteins. Distinct types of Ub signals deposited by BRCA1/BARD1 (i.e. degradative vs. non-degradative; mono-Ub vs. poly-Ub chains) on substrate proteins mediate aspects of its function in DNA double-stranded break repair, cell-cycle regulation, and transcriptional regulation. While cancer-predisposing mutations in both subunits lead to the inactivation of BRCA1/BARD1 ligase activity, controversy remains as to whether its Ub ligase activity directly inhibits tumorigenesis. Investigation of BRCA1/BARD1 substrates using rigorous, well-validated mutants and experimental systems will ultimately clarify the role of its ligase activity in cancer and possibly establish prognostic and diagnostic metrics for patients with mutations. In this review, we discuss the Ub ligase function of BRCA1/BARD1, highlighting experimental approaches, mechanistic considerations, and reagents that are useful in the study of substrate ubiquitylation. We also discuss the current understanding of two well-established BRCA1/BARD1 substrates (nucleosomal H2A and estrogen receptor α) and several recently discovered substrates (p50, NF2, Oct1, and LARP7). Lessons from the current body of work should provide a road map to researchers examining novel substrates and biological functions attributed to BRCA1/BARD1 Ub ligase activity.

Indexed as

BRCA1 ProteinBreast NeoplasmsCarcinogenesisCell Line, TumorDNA Breaks, Double-StrandedDNA RepairEstrogen Receptor alphaFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHistonesHumansMutationNeoplasm ProteinsOvarian NeoplasmsTumor Suppressor ProteinsUbiquitinBARD1 protein, humanBRCA1 ProteinBRCA1 protein, humanESR1 protein, humanEstrogen Receptor alphaHistonesNeoplasm ProteinsTumor Suppressor ProteinsUbiquitinUbiquitin-Protein LigasesBARD1BRCA1ubiquitin ligasesubiquitinsubiquitin signaling

Identifiers

PMID34591954
PMCPMC8763022
OpenAlexW3202411178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.