ArticlePloS one2021
Comparison of methods for pre-processing, exosome isolation, and RNA extraction in unpasteurized bovine and human milk.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Drug Delivery Platforms: Current Advances, Applications and Challenges.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Current Perspective on Human Milk Derived Vesicles and Their Potential Therapeutic Use: A Scoping Review.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Investigating milk-derived extracellular vesicles as mediators of maternal stress and environmental intervention.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf on Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis in rats: anti- Helicobacter pylori and anti gastritis properties.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular therapy: emerging biological functions and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Rapid method for the high purity isolation of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles via polyester (PET) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber columns.Nanotheranostics · 2026Article
- Refractive index of milk fat globules and extracellular vesicles in human milk.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Antibacterial and immuno-oxidative effects of Melittin against Helicobacter pylori: in vitro and in vivo evidence.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles From Fresh vs. Frozen Human Milk Including the Vesicular microRNA Cargo.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Investigating milk-derived extracellular vesicles as mediators of maternal stress and environmental intervention.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles promote the heat shock response in polarized microglia.Cell stress & chaperones · 2025Article
- Milk-derived exosomes as functional nanocarriers in wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Isolation of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles via a capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber stationary phase.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Expression and characterization of exosomal miRNAs in healthy, sub-clinical mastitis and pasteurized milk of buffaloes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Maternal Diet Quality in Pregnancy and Human Milk Extracellular Vesicle and Particle microRNA.Epigenetics reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Exosomes in Cancer Progression and Therapy.Biology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic potential of human breast milk-derived exosomes in necrotizing enterocolitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Article
- Exosome-Integrated Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Milk derived extracellular vesicle uptake in human microglia regulates the DNA methylation machinery : Short title: milk-derived extracellular vesicles and the epigenetic machinery.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Milk is a highly complex, heterogeneous biological fluid that contains non-nutritive, bioactive extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Characterization of milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) is challenging due to the lack of standardized methods that are currently being used for milk pre-processing, storage, and exosome isolation. In this study, we tested: 1) three pre-processing methods to remove cream, fat, cellular debris, and casein proteins from bovine milk to determine whether pre-processing of whole milk prior to long-term storage improves MDE isolations, 2) the suitability of two standard exosome isolation methods for MDE fractionation, and 3) four extraction protocols for obtaining high quality RNA from bovine and human MDEs. MDEs were characterized via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and western immunoblotting for CD9, CD63, and Calnexin protein markers. We also present an optimized method of TEM sample preparation for MDEs. Our results indicate that: 1) Removal of cream and fat globules from unpasteurized bovine milk, prior to long-term storage, improves the MDE yield but not purity, 2) Differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) combined with serial filtration is better suited for bovine MDE isolation compared to ExoQuick (EQ) combined with serial filtration, however both methods were comparable for human milk, and 3) TRIzol LS is better suited for RNA extraction from bovine MDEs isolated by EQ and DUC methods. 4) TRIzol LS, TRIzol+RNA Clean and Concentrator, and TRIzol LS+RNA Clean and Concentrator methods can be used for RNA extractions from human MDEs isolated by EQ, yet the TRIzol LS method is better suited for human MDEs isolated by DUC. The QIAzol + miRNeasy Mini Kit produced the lowest RNA yield for bovine and human MDEs.
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Registered trials
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