ArticlePloS one2021
Wastewater based environmental surveillance of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Pakistan.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Perspective on Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance as a Public Health Tool for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Genomic Insight intoPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Two-stage surveillance ofSAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Surveillance of public health pathogens in Lagos wastewater canals: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella Typhi culture-based wastewater or non-sewered sanitation surveillance in a resource-limited region.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Pathways of exposure to Vibrio Cholerae in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- A narrative review of wastewater surveillance: pathogens of concern, applications, detection methods, and challenges.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Wastewater surveillance in Pakistan: Preventing future epidemics.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Cholera outbreak in 2022 among children in Karachi: Study of cases attending to a Tertiary Care Hospital.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPakistan has been experiencing intervals of sporadic cases and localized outbreaks in the last two decades. No proper study has been carried out in order to find out the environmental burden of toxigenic V. cholerae as well as how temporal and environmental factors associated in driving cholera across the country.
methodsWe tested waste water samples from designated national environment surveillance sites in Pakistan with RT-PCR assay. Multistage sampling technique were utilized for samples collection and for effective sample processing Bag-Mediated Filtration system, were employed. Results were analysed by district and month wise to understand the geographic distribution and identify the seasonal pattern of V. cholera detection in Pakistan.
resultsBetween May 2019, and February 2020, we obtained and screened 160 samples in 12 districts across Pakistan. Out of 16 sentinel environmental surveillance sites, 15 sites showed positive results against cholera toxigenic gene with mostly lower CT value (mean, 34±2) and have significant difference (p < 0.05). The highest number of positive samples were collected from Sindh in month of November, then in June it is circulating in different districts of Pakistan including four Provinces respectively.
conclusionV. cholera detection do not follow a clear seasonal pattern. However, the poor sanitation problems or temperature and rainfall may potentially influence the frequency and duration of cholera across the country. Occurrence of toxigenic V. cholerae in the environment samples showed that cholera is endemic, which is an alarming for a potential future cholera outbreaks in the country.
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