SynthesisPloS one2021
Outcome measures used in trials on gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interventional Feasibility Study Investigating Virtual Reality-Based Gait Assessment With Orthoses in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Study Protocol.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Rotational Power: A New Accelerometer-Derived Metric to Assess Functional Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2025Article
- 30-Second Chair Stand and 5-Times Sit-to-Stand Tests Are Interesting Tools for Assessing Disability and Ability to Ambulate among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Agreement between video-based clinician-rated tools and patient-reported outcomes on gait assessment in individuals with multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Correction: Outcome measures used in trials on gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2024Article
- Patient and Clinician Perspectives of Physical Therapy for Walking Difficulties in Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis international · 2023Article
- The six spot step test is superior in detecting walking capacity impairments compared to short- and long-distance walk tests in persons with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Implications of maximal muscle strength and aerobic capacity for lower extremity physical function in people with multiple sclerosis-a cross-sectional study.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Cut-points of the 6-min walk test, the six spot step test, and the timed-25-foot walk test discriminating impaired from non-impaired walking capacity in persons with Multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with impaired gait and a growing number of clinical trials have investigated efficacy of various interventions. Choice of outcome measures is crucial in determining efficiency of interventions. However, it remains unclear whether there is consensus on which outcome measures to use in gait intervention studies in MS.
objectiveWe aimed to identify the commonly selected outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on gait rehabilitation interventions in people with MS. Additional aims were to identify which of the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are the most studied and to characterize how outcome measures are combined and adapted to MS severity.
methodsPubmed, Cochrane Central, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for RCT studies on gait interventions in people living with MS according to PRISMA guidelines.
resultsIn 46 RCTs, we identified 69 different outcome measures. The most used outcome measures were 6-minute walking test and the Timed Up and Go test, used in 37% of the analyzed studies. They were followed by gait spatiotemporal parameters (35%) most often used to inform on gait speed, cadence, and step length. Fatigue was measured in 39% of studies. Participation was assessed in 50% of studies, albeit with a wide variety of scales. Only 39% of studies included measures covering all ICF levels, and Participation measures were rarely combined with gait spatiotemporal parameters (only two studies).
conclusionsSelection of outcome measures remains heterogenous in RCTs on gait rehabilitation interventions in MS. However, there is a growing consensus on the need for quantitative gait spatiotemporal parameter measures combined with clinical assessments of gait, balance, and mobility in RCTs on gait interventions in MS. Future RCTs should incorporate measures of fatigue and measures from Participation domain of ICF to provide comprehensive evaluation of trial efficacy across all levels of functioning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.