ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Clinical profile and mortality in patients with T. cruzi/HIV co-infection from the multicenter data base of the "Network for healthcare and study of Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection and other immunosuppression conditions".
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidemiology and clinical features of HIV and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) co-infection: A systematic review and individual patient data analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- SBC Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Cardiomyopathy of Chagas Disease - 2023.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2023Guideline
- Trypanosoma cruzi (DTU TcI) in a fatal case of meningoencephalitis due to Chagas disease reactivation in a patient coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Article
- Fractal analysis of peripheral blood neutrophil chromatin in patients infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and/or HIV correlates with left ventricle ejection fraction, T CD4+, and T CD8+ lymphocytes levels.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Quantitative PCR for parasitemia monitoring and preemptive therapy in patients with Chagas disease and autoimmune rheumatic disorders undergoing biologic treatment: a case series.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Article
- The epidemiology of Chagas disease in the Americas.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Review
- Chagas disease in immunocompromised patients.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Quantitative PCR as a marker for preemptive therapy and its role in therapeutic control in Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV coinfection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular Characterization ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Prevalence ofEpidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Anxiety, depression, and memory loss in Chagas disease: a puzzle far beyond neuroinflammation to be unpicked and solved.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2023Article
- Aplastic Anemia and Chagas Disease:Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Screening for Chagas Disease Should Be Included in Entry-to-Care Testing for At-Risk People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Living in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Epidemiological-clinical profile and mortality in patients coinfected with Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV: experience from a Brazilian reference center.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
24 authors at 16 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveChagas disease (CD) globalization facilitated the co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in endemic and non-endemic areas. Considering the underestimation of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)-HIV co-infection and the risk of life-threatening Chagas Disease Reactivation (CDR), this study aimed to analyze the major co-infection clinical characteristics and its mortality rates.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study of patients with CD confirmed by two serological or one parasitological tests, and HIV infection confirmed by immunoblot. CDR was diagnosed by direct microscopy with detection of trypomastigote forms in the blood or other biological fluids and/or amastigote forms in inflammatory lesions.
resultsOut of 241 patients with co-infection, 86.7% were from Brazil, 47.5% had <200 CD4+ T cells/μL and median viral load was 17,000 copies/μL. Sixty CDR cases were observed. Death was more frequent in patients with reactivation and was mainly caused by CDR. Other causes of death unrelated to CDR were the manifestation of opportunistic infections in those with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The time between the co-infection diagnosis to death was shorter in patients with CDR. Lower CD4+ cells count at co-infection diagnosis was independently associated with reactivation. Similarly, lower CD4+ cells numbers at co-infection diagnosis and male sex were associated with higher lethality in CDR. Additionally, CD4+ cells were lower in meningoencephalitis than in myocarditis and milder forms.
conclusionThis study showed major features on T. cruzi-HIV co-infection and highlighted the prognostic role of CD4+ cells for reactivation and mortality. Since lethality was high in meningoencephalitis and all untreated patients died shortly after the diagnosis, early diagnosis, immediate antiparasitic treatment, patient follow-up and epidemiological surveillance are essentials in T. cruzi/HIV co-infection and CDR managements.
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