Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34591373›Full record

ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2021

The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers of autistic children and youth: A scoping review.

Vivian Lee, Carly Albaum, Paula Tablon Modica, Farah Ahmad, Jan Willem Gorter, Nazilla Khanlou, Carly McMorris, Jonathan Lai, Cindy Harrison, Teresa Hedley and 4 more

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services for youth with autism: A randomized clinical trial.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023
    Trial
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  11. Caregivers' Experiences Taking Care of Children and Teenagers With Autism Spectrum Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: A Qualitative Approach.Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Expanding Research on Contextual Factors in Autism Research: What Took Us So Long?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Vivian LeeDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8686-6264
Carly AlbaumDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Paula Tablon ModicaDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Farah AhmadSchool of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Jan Willem GorterDepartment of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Nazilla KhanlouSchool of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Canada.
Carly McMorrisWerklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5164-6210
Jonathan LaiCanadian Autism Spectrum Disorder Alliance, Canada.
Cindy HarrisonCanada.
Teresa HedleyCanada.
Pari JohnstonCanada.
Connie PuttermanCanada.
Margaret SpoelstraAutism Ontario, Toronto, Canada.
Jonathan A WeissDepartment of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research Rapid Knowledge Synthesis GrantMcMaster University Soctiabank Chair in Child Health Research (Dr. Gorter)York University Research Chair in Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disability Mental Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Caregivers and families of autistic people have experienced stress and increase in demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic that may have long-term negative consequences for both their own and their children's mental health. A scoping review was conducted to identify pandemic related demands experienced by caregivers and families of autistic children and youth. The review also consolidated information on coping strategies and parenting-related guidelines that have emerged to help parents meet these demands. Search strategies were approved by a research librarian and were conducted in peer-reviewed and gray literature databases between May 2020 and February 2021. Additional resources were solicited through author networks and social media. All articles were published between December 2019 and February 2021. Article summaries were charted, and a thematic analysis was conducted with confirmation of findings with our knowledge users. Twenty-three published articles and 14 pieces of gray literature were included in the review. The majority of articles characterized and highlighted the increase in demands on caregivers of autistic children and youth during the pandemic globally. Both quantitative and qualitative studies suggest that parents have experienced an increase in stress and mental health-related symptoms during lockdown measures. Findings suggest that families are employing coping strategies, but there no evidence-based supports were identified. The review highlighted the potential long-term impact of prolonged exposure to increasing demands on the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers and families of autistic people, and pointed to a need for the rapid development and evaluation of flexible and timely support programs. LAY SUMMARY: Caregivers and families of autistic children and youth have faced increased demands due to pandemic-related lockdown measures. We reviewed the literature to outline sources of stress, links to their influence on caregiver mental health, and if support programs have emerged to help them. Our findings suggest a number of demands have increased caregivers' risk to mental health challenges, and their potential impact on family wellbeing. Ongoing development of evidence-based supports of all families of autistic children and youth are needed.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderCOVID-19AdolescentCaregiversChildCommunicable Disease ControlHumansMental HealthPandemicsSARS-CoV-2autismcaregiversCOVIDliterature reviewmental health

Identifiers

PMID34591373
PMCPMC8646541

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.