ReviewCancer metastasis reviews2021
Next-generation immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: navigating pathways of immune resistance.
Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface-engineered milk-derived extracellular vesicles enable oral miRNA therapy against immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Simultaneous targeting of IL-10 and PD-(L)1 pathways with a bispecific anti-PD-L1/IL-10-trap antibody enhances T cell responses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Sialic Acid-Targeting Lectin-Conjugated Oxygen Nanosomes Alleviate Hypoxia and Promote Macrophage Activation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals the mechanistic role of lactate metabolism in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic suppression of Nrf2-Slc40a1 axis induces ferroptosis and enhances immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Cuproptosis-related geneRadiology and oncology · 2025Article
- Novel Amanitin-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting TROP2 for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Therapeutical potential of natural products in treatment of pancreatic cancer: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Baseline AHR expression shapes immune response to pharmacological modulation in PBMCs from pancreatic cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Combating PDAC Drug Resistance: The Role of Ref-1 Inhibitors in Accelerating Progress in Pancreatic Cancer Research.Journal of cellular signaling · 2024Article
- Clinical Impact of Preoperative Biliary Drainage in Patients with Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreatic Head.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Identification of a Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature and Effect of Silencing theInternational journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Tumor promoting roles of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-35: Its implications in cancer immunotherapy.SAGE open medicine · 2022Review
- Establishment of Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenografts (PDX) as Models for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To date, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has proven largely ineffective in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A combination of low tumor antigenicity, deficits in immune activation along with an exclusive and suppressive tumor microenvironment result in resistance to host defensives. However, a deepening understanding of these immune escape and suppressive mechanisms has led to the discovery of novel molecular targets and treatment strategies that may hold the key to a long-awaited therapeutic breakthrough. In this review, we describe the tumor-intrinsic and microenvironmental barriers to modern immunotherapy, examine novel immune-based and targeted modalities, summarize relevant pre-clinical findings and human experience, and, finally, discuss novel synergistic approaches to overcome immune-resistance in pancreatic cancer. Beyond checkpoint inhibition, immune agonists and anti-tumor vaccines represent promising strategies to stimulate host response via activation and expansion of anti-tumor immune effectors. Off-the-shelf natural killer cell therapies may offer an effective method for bypassing downregulated tumor antigen presentation. In parallel with this, sophisticated targeting of crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated immune cells may lead to enhanced immune infiltration and survival of anti-tumor lymphocytes. A future multimodal treatment strategy involving immune priming/activation, tumor microenvironment reprogramming, and immune checkpoint blockade may help transform pancreatic cancer into an immunogenic tumor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.