SynthesisAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2022
Diversity in Alzheimer's disease drug trials: The importance of eligibility criteria.
Synthesis in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy Measures Used in Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials Between 2015 and 2025: A Systematic Review.Neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Racial and Ethnic Reporting and Representation in US Alzheimer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Community engagement, recruitment, and retention of minoritized participants in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research: A systematic review of disparities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Diversity in United States Dementia Prevention Trials: An Updated Systematic Review of Eligibility Criteria and Recruitment Strategies.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing clinical progression measures in Alzheimer's disease trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Recruitment, retention and reporting of variables related to ethnic diversity in randomised controlled trials: an umbrella review.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Trial Participation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Barriers and Facilitators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Mapping new pharmacological interventions for cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Diversity in Alzheimer's disease drug trials: The importance of eligibility criteria.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Pooled it
- Two Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Black and Hispanic People with Multiple Sclerosis in CHIMES: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial.Annals of neurology · 2026Trial
- Financial Incentives to Increase Diversity of Older Participants in a Memory Concerns Registry: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2025Trial
- Baseline characteristics of the U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health Through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.S. POINTER): Successful enrollment of a diverse clinical trial cohort at risk for cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Effects of exercise on cognition and Alzheimer's biomarkers in a randomized controlled trial of adults with mild cognitive impairment: The EXERT study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Autopsy findings in Alzheimer's disease clinical trial participants demonstrate a high frequency of off-target coexisting pathologic features.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Relationships Among Hearing, Auditory Processing, and Cognition: A Study of Older Adults.Audiology research · 2026Article
- A world view: Considerations of sociocultural diversity in the study of subjective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Performance of upper-arm capillary blood collection for Alzheimer's disease and central nervous system biomarkers: comparison of Tasso+ and venous plasma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- "It's Like Disrupting Internally:" a Qualitative Study of Opportunities and Limitations to Promote Diversity in Participant Recruitment in Health Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Mayo Test Drive Español: A model of digital cognitive test adaptation.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Embedded transparency in artificial intelligence: a prerequisite for equity and representation in AI-enabled clinical trials.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo generalize safety and efficacy findings, it is essential that diverse populations are well represented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug trials. In this review, we aimed to investigate participant diversity in disease-modifying AD trials over time, and the frequencies of participant eligibility criteria.
methodsA systematic review was performed using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov, identifying 2247 records.
resultsIn the 101 included AD trials, participants were predominantly White (median percentage: 94.7%, interquartile range: 81.0-96.7%); and this percentage showed no significant increase or decrease over time (2001-2019). Eligibility criteria such as exclusion of persons with psychiatric illness (78.2%), cardiovascular disease (71.3%) and cerebrovascular disease (68.3%), obligated caregiver attendance (80.2%), and specific Mini-Mental State Examination scores (90.1%; no significant increase/decrease over time) may have led to a disproportionate exclusion of ethnoracially diverse individuals. DISCUSSION: Ethnoracially diverse participants continue to be underrepresented in AD clinical trials. Several recommendations are provided to broaden eligibility criteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.