ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Comparative Effectiveness of Stereotactic Electroencephalography Versus Subdural Grids in Epilepsy Surgery.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes of SEEG in epilepsy: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Seizure outcomes and complications associated with stereoelectroencephalography versus subdural electrodes for invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Internal and external validation of comprehensive high-frequency activity biomarkers for epilepsy surgery.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Intracranial electroencephalographic approaches in the intensive care unit: Safety, feasibility, and coverage.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Microelectrode arrays enable directional stereo-EEG during kainate-mediated seizures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Beyond Broca and Wernicke: Epilepsy surgery in the language areas.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Review
- Robotic Surgery in Pediatric Epilepsy : Current Evidence, Clinical Impact, and Future Directions.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Risk factors for extra-axial hemorrhage during invasive monitoring using subdural electrodes.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Transition from Subdural Electrocorticography to Stereo-electroencephalography in Presurgical Evaluation of Epilepsy: Single-institutional Experience.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2026Article
- Utility of stereo-electroencephalography in patients with bilateral independent/unclear scalp electroencephalographic seizure onset.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Integration of intraoperative ultrasound and depth-electrode electrocorticography for resection guidance in epilepsy surgery: technical workflow and feasibility.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Temporal Patterns of Skin-Fixed Depth Electrodes During Stereotactic Electroencephalography Recording.Cureus · 2026Article
- Old Lesions and New Targets: sEEG-Identified Onsets in Traditionally Inoperable Epilepsy Lesions and Associated Surgical Outcomes.Pediatric neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Modern Aspects of Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring: Utility for Seizure Localization and Therapeutic Decision-Making.Pediatric neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Seminars in epileptology: Presurgical epilepsy evaluation.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2025Review
- Review
- The role of neuropsychology in stereo-EEG: A narrative review.Epilepsia open · 2025Review
- Virtual brain twins for stimulation in epilepsy.Nature computational science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 10 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim was to compare the outcomes of subdural electrode (SDE) implantations versus stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG), the 2 predominant methods of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) performed in difficult-to-localize drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
methodsThe Surgical Therapies Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy created an international registry of iEEG patients implanted between 2005 and 2019 with ≥1 year of follow-up. We used propensity score matching to control exposure selection bias and generate comparable cohorts. Study endpoints were: (1) likelihood of resection after iEEG; (2) seizure freedom at last follow-up; and (3) complications (composite of postoperative infection, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, or permanent neurological deficit).
resultsTen study sites from 7 countries and 3 continents contributed 2,012 patients, including 1,468 (73%) eligible for analysis (526 SDE and 942 SEEG), of whom 988 (67%) underwent subsequent resection. Propensity score matching improved covariate balance between exposure groups for all analyses. Propensity-matched patients who underwent SDE had higher odds of subsequent resective surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.84) and higher odds of complications (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.34, 3.74; unadjusted: 9.6% after SDE vs 3.3% after SEEG). Odds of seizure freedom in propensity-matched resected patients were 1.66 times higher (95% CI 1.21, 2.26) for SEEG compared with SDE (unadjusted: 55% seizure free after SEEG-guided resections vs 41% after SDE).
interpretationIn comparison to SEEG, SDE evaluations are more likely to lead to brain surgery in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy but have more surgical complications and lower probability of seizure freedom. This comparative-effectiveness study provides the highest feasible evidence level to guide decisions on iEEG. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:927-939.
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Registered trials
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